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1、Chapter9-AtomicPhysicsANSWERSTOSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS3.Thomson’s“plumpudding”modelpicturedtheatomasconsistingofelectronsrandomlypositionedlikeraisinsinanotherwisehomogeneousmassofpositivelycharged“pudding.”Thomson’smodelwasabandonedwhenRutherforddiscoveredthateachatomhadatinycore
2、,ornucleus,inwhich99.9%ofthemassandallthepositivechargewereconcentratedandaroundwhichtheelectronscirculated.6.Somethingisquantizedwhenitisrestrictedtocertaindiscretevaluesratherthanhavingacontinuousrangeofvalues.7.Aprotonisapositivelychargedsubatomicparticlefoundinthenucleiofato
3、ms.Aphotonisaquantum,or“particle,”ofelectromagneticradiation.8.Frequencyandwavelengthareinverselyproportional.9.Aphotonofredlighthaslessenergy,lowerfrequency,andlongerwavelengththanaphotonofvioletlight.11.AlbertEinstein.Thetheoryofrelativity.15.Thegroundstateforanelectronisthelo
4、westenergystate.Energystatesabovethegroundstatearecalledexcitedstates.17.Thefourdiscretelinesintheemissionspectrumofhydrogencorrespondtoelectrontransitionsdownton=2fromn=6,5,4,and3.18.Thefourdiscretelinesintheabsorptionspectrumofhydrogencorrespondtoelectrontransitionsupton=6,5,4
5、,and3fromn=2.19.Influorescence,thelightstopscomingfromthesampleattheinstanttheexcitingsourceisremoved.Inphosphorescence,thelightcontinuestobeemittedfromthesampleforaperiodoftime.20.Thepotatocontainswater,whereastheceramicplatedoesnot.25.Itisimpossibletoknowaparticle’sexactpositi
6、onandvelocitysimultaneously.26.Onlyparticlesofatomicandsubatomicsizewouldhavetheirvelocitiessignificantlychangedbybeinghitbyphotonswhenlocatingtheirpositions.30.Schrödinger.31.Quantummodel,orelectroncloudmodel.ANSWERSTOAPPLYING-YOUR-KNOWLEDGEQUESTIONS4.Aquantizedcruisecontrolmig
7、htbedigitalandallowspeedstobeseton5mphunits,suchas50or55mph,butnot51mph.5.“Blacklight”isthepopulartermforthelonger-wavelengthportionoftheultravioletregion.Youwouldexplainthatthephotonsofultravioletlightwerecausingelectronsintheatomsofthepainttobeexcitedtoupperenergylevels.Someof
8、theelectronsreturntotheirgroundstatesinsteps,em
