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1、AlcoholThisarticleisaboutthegenericchemistryterm.Forthekindofalcoholfoundinalcoholicbeverages,seeEthanol.Forbeveragescontainingalcohol,seeAlcoholicbeverage.Forotheruses,seeAlcohol(disambiguation).Thehydroxyl(OH)functionalgroupinanalcoholmoleculeBall-and-st
2、ickmodelofthehydroxyl(OH)functionalgroupinanalcoholmoleculeInchemistry,analcoholisanyorganiccompoundinwhichahydroxylfunctionalgroup(-OH)isboundtoacarbonatom,usuallyconnectedtoothercarbonorhydrogenatoms.Animportantclassarethesimpleacyclicalcohols,thegeneral
3、formulaforwhichisCnH2n+1OH.Ofthose,ethanol(C2H5OH)isthetypeofalcoholfoundinalcoholicbeverages,andincommonspeechthewordalcoholrefersspecificallytoethanol.Otheralcoholsareusuallydescribedwithaclarifyingadjective,asinisopropylalcohol(propan-2-ol)orwoodalcohol
4、(methylalcohol,ormethanol).Thesuffix-olappearsintheIUPACchemicalnameofallsubstanceswherethehydroxylgroupisthefunctionalgroupwiththehighestpriority;insubstanceswhereahigherprioritygroupispresenttheprefixhydroxy-willappearintheIUPACname.Thesuffix-olinnon-sys
5、tematicnames(suchasparacetamolorcholesterol)alsotypicallyindicatesthatthesubstanceincludesahydroxylfunctionalgroupand,so,canbetermedanalcohol.Butmanysubstances(suchascitricacid,lacticacid,andsucrose)containoneormorehydroxylfunctionalgroupswithoutusingthesu
6、ffix.SimplealcoholsSpacefillingmodelofthehydroxyl(OH)functionalgroupinanalcoholmoleculeThemostcommonlyusedalcoholisethanol,C2H5OH,withtheethanebackbone.Ethanolhasbeenproducedandconsumedbyhumansformillennia,intheformoffermentedanddistilledalcoholicbeverages
7、.Itisaclearflammableliquidthatboilsat78.4°C,whichisusedasanindustrialsolvent,carfuel,andrawmaterialinthechemicalindustry.IntheUSandsomeothercountries,becauseoflegalandtaxrestrictionsonalcoholconsumption,ethanoldestinedforotherusesoftencontainsadditivesthat
8、makeitunpalatable(suchasBitrex)orpoisonous(suchasmethanol).Ethanolinthisformisknowngenerallyasdenaturedalcohol;whenmethanolisused,itmaybereferredtoasmethylatedspiritsor"surgicalspirits".Thesimplestalcoholisme
