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1、外文文献:ReviewingtheDevelopmentofModernLandscapeArchitectureinAmerica1IntroductionThenewcenturycameintheend,turnofthecentury,acenturyorevenmillenniumreplaceactuallyreplacedinaflash,inthismoment,theUnitedStatesModernLandscapeArchitectureprofessionhasgonethroughanextraordi
2、narycentury.Inthepassingawayofhundredyears,theUnitedStatestheemergenceofmodernlandscapearchitectureanddevelopmenttoguidethedirectionofmodernlandscapearchitecture,andcoversalmostalloftheexploration.Therefore,wehopethatthroughtheirreviewandthinking,canandenlightenment.2
3、DevelopmentIndustrialrevolutionhasbroughtabouttremendousandfar-reachingchangestothe19thcentury,knownastheHfatherofAmericanlandscapearchitectureHoftheFLOlmstedandVauxdesignedbyBritisharchitect,NewYork'sCentralPark(1858)theconstruction,markingtheordinarylivinglandscapet
4、ocome.Asastartingpoint,thelandscapearchitecturefromthepathofindependence,andwithmodernAmericansocietyandthedemocraticprocess,movingfromaverysmallselectionoftraditionalprofessionalintotheworldofhumanlifeforalmostallthescalesinvolvedinthesubject;intheshortshortbarformor
5、ethanacentury,thelandscapeofhumanexperienceinseveraldimensionsgreatlyexpanded.2.1TheexpansionofthefieldofprofessionalpracticeAndidealasasymbolofaseriesofcityparks(1865ThurmondPhiladelphiaPark,JinshanPark,1870SanFrancisco,Chicago,1871SouthPark,etc.)andthebeginningofmod
6、ernlandscapearchitecturepractice,suchasapioneerintheOlmsteadinitiative,adheretothewholelandfromthecityandtheperspectiveofthemodernlandscapearchitectureprofessionalpracticeareasofthestartlocation;includingurbanparksandgreenspacesystems,urbanandrurallandscaperoadsystem,
7、residentialareas,schools,realestatedevelopmentandnationalparksplanninganddesignmanagementinthebroadfield.Withthesocialdevelopmentandunderstandingofhumannaturecontinuestoexpand,thepracticeoflandscapearchitectureandfurtherextendtotheentirefieldofhumansettlementsconditio
8、ns.ModernLandscapeArchitectureinPerspectiveincreasinglyclearthatcompletelychangedtheconceptofpractice,ofcourse,thetraditiona
