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1、聚氨酯的制备及其力学性能研究摘要聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)是聚氨基甲酸酯的简称，是指由多元异氰酸酯和多元羟基化合物通过逐步加成得到的具有氨基甲酸酯基团重复结构单元的聚合物。硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(rigidpolyurethanefoam,RPUF)是指在一定的负荷作用下不发生变形，当负荷大时发生形变后不再恢复到原来形状的聚氨酯泡沫塑料，RPUF具有优良的力学性能、较高的比强度、良好的冲击吸能特性以及隔热和绝热性能，作为结构支撑、减震缓冲以及隔热保温材料等领域有重要应用。本文用一步法制得了全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料，研究了基础原料对其泡孔
2、结构及力学性能的影响，发现提高异氰酸酯指数，制得硬泡的密度增大，压缩强度提高；发泡体系的乳白时间、上升时间和脱粘时间随着催化剂（二月桂酸二丁基锡）添加量的增多而缩短，制得硬泡的密度和压缩强度降低；硬泡的密度，强度随着交联剂（三乙醇胺）添加量的增加而变大；随着聚醚多元醇的羟基值的增加，值得硬泡的强度增加；随着泡沫稳定剂（8868）添加量的增加，气泡变小，更加致密，更加均匀；硬泡的密度和压缩强度随着发泡剂（水）的增加而降低。关键词：聚氨酯聚醚多元醇多异氰酸酯二月桂酸二丁基锡三乙醇胺水AbstractPolyurethane(polyurethane,P
3、U)isbythemulti-isocyanate71andmulti-hydroxycompoundsbythegradualadditionofthecarbamategroupsofrepeatingstructuralunitofthepolymer.Rigidpolyurethanefoam(rigidpolyurethanefoam,RPUF)notdeformunderloadeffect,nolongerreverttothepolyurethanefoamoforiginalshapeafterdeformationwhenthe
4、loadislarge,PPUFwithexcellentmechanicalproperties,highspecificstrength,goodimpactenergyabsorptioncharacteristicsinsulationandthermalinsulationperformance,asthefieldofstructuralsupport,cushioningbufferandthermalinsulationmaterialshaveimportantapplications.Inthispaper,stepsynthe
5、sismadethewholewater-blownrigidpolyurethanefoam,westudythebasicrawmaterialthefoamstructureandmechanicalproperties.Rigidfoamdensityandcompressivestrengthincreasewithimprovingofisocyanateindex.Thefoamsystemcreamtime,risetimeanddebondingwiththecatalyst(dilauratedibutyltin)theamou
6、ntoftheincreaseinshorteningtoorigidfoamdensityandcompressivestrengthlower.Thedegreeofcrosslinkingofthehardfoam,density,intensityofcross-linkingagent(triethanolamine)increaseintheamountofchange.Withtheincreaseofthepolyetherpolyolofhydroxylvalue,itisworththeintensityincreaseofth
7、erigidfoam.Asthefoamstabilizer(8868)addtheamountoftheincrease,thebubblesbecomesmaller,morecompact,moreuniform.Rigidfoamdensityandcompressivestrengthdecreaseswithincreasingblowingagent(water).Keywords：DilauratedibutyltinpolymerpolyolPolyetherpolyolsPolyisocyanatepolyurethaneTri
8、ethanolamineDistilledwater目录711绪论11.1引言11.2泡沫塑料21.3聚氨酯泡沫塑料的分
