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1、RINANUTSHELLRINANUTSHELLJosephAdlerBeijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•Taipei•TokyoRinaNutshellbyJosephAdlerCopyright©2010JosephAdler.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.PublishedbyO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,1005GravensteinHighwayNorth,Sebastopol,CA95472.O’Reillybook
2、smaybepurchasedforeducational,business,orsalespromotionaluse.Onlineeditionsarealsoavailableformosttitles(http://my.safaribooksonline.com).Formoreinfor-mation,contactourcorporate/institutionalsalesdepartment:(800)998-9938orcorporate@oreilly.com.Editor:MikeLoukidesCoverDesigner:Kare
3、nMontgomeryProductionEditor:SumitaMukherjiInteriorDesigner:DavidFutatoProductionServices:NewgenNorthIllustrator:RobertRomanoAmerica,Inc.PrintingHistory:December2009:FirstEdition.NutshellHandbook,theNutshellHandbooklogo,andtheO’Reillylogoareregisteredtrade-marksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.
4、RinaNutshell,theimageofaharpyeagle,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,wasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesi
5、gnationshavebeenprintedincapsorinitialcaps.Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisbook,thepublisherandauthorassumenoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.TMThisbookusesRepKover™,adurableandflexiblelay-flatb
6、inding.ISBN:978-0-596-80170-0[M]1260894633TableofContentsPreface.............................................................xvPartI.RBasics1.GettingandInstallingR..........................................3RVersions3GettingandInstallingInteractiveRBinaries3Windows4MacOSX5LinuxandU
7、nixSystems52.TheRUserInterface.............................................7TheRGraphicalUserInterface7Windows8MacOSX8LinuxandUnix8TheRConsole11Command-LineEditing13BatchMode13UsingRInsideMicrosoftExcel14OtherWaystoRunR153.AShortRTutorial...........................................
8、...17BasicOperationsinR17Function
