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1、EARLYKINGSOFNORWAY.EARLYKINGSOFNORWAY.byThomasCarlyle1EARLYKINGSOFNORWAY.TheIcelanders,intheirlongwinter,hadagreathabitofwriting;andwere,andstillare,excellentinpenmanship,saysDahlmann.Itistothisfact,thatanylittlehistorythereisoftheNorseKingsandtheiroldtr
2、agedies,crimesandheroisms,isalmostalldue.TheIcelanders,itseems,notonlymadebeautifullettersontheirpaperorparchment,butwerelaudablyobservantanddesirousofaccuracy;andhaveleftussuchacollectionofnarratives(_Sagas_,literally"Says")as,forquantityandquality,isun
3、exampledamongrudenations.SnorroSturleson'sHistoryoftheNorseKingsisbuiltoutoftheseoldSagas;andhasinitagreatdealofpoeticfire,notalittlefaithfulsagacityappliedinsiftingandadjustingtheseoldSagas;and,inaword,deserves,wereitoncewelledited,furnishedwithaccurate
4、maps,chronologicalsummaries,&c.,tobereckonedamongthegreathistory-booksoftheworld.Itisfromthesesources,greatlyaidedbyaccurate,learnedandunweariedDahlmann,[1]theGermanProfessor,thatthefollowingroughnotesoftheearlyNorwayKingsarehastilythrowntogether.InHisto
5、riesofEngland(Rapin'sexcepted)nexttonothinghasbeenshownofthemanyandstrongthreadsofconnectionbetweenEnglishaffairsandNorse.2EARLYKINGSOFNORWAY.CHAPTERI.HARALDHAARFAGR.TillabouttheYearofGrace860therewerenokingsinNorway,nothingbutnumerousjarls,--essentially
6、kinglets,eachpresidingoverakindofrepublicanorparliamentarylittleterritory;generallystrivingeachtobeonsometermsofhumanneighborhoodwiththoseabouthim,but,--inspiteof"_FylkeThings_"(FolkThings,littleparishparliaments),andsmallcombinationsofthese,whichhadgrad
7、uallyformedthemselves,--oftenreducedtotheunhappystateofquarrelwiththem.HaraldHaarfagrwasthefirsttoputanendtothisstateofthings,andbecomememorableandprofitabletohiscountrybyunitingitunderoneheadandmakingakingdomofit;whichithascontinuedtobeeversince.Hisfath
8、er,HalfdantheBlack,hadalreadybegunthisroughbutsalutaryprocess,--inspiredbythecupiditiesandinstincts,bythefacultiesandopportunities,whichthegoodgeniusofthisworld,beneficentoftenenoughundersavageforms,anddiligentatalltimesto
