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1、INDIANHEROESANDGREATCHIEFTAINSINDIANHEROESANDGREATCHIEFTAINSBYCHARLESA.EASTMAN(OHIYESA)1INDIANHEROESANDGREATCHIEFTAINSREDCLOUDEVERYage,everyrace,hasitsleadersandheroes.TherewereoversixtydistincttribesofIndiansonthiscontinent,eachofwhichboasteditsnotablemen.Then
2、amesanddeedsofsomeofthesemenwillliveinAmericanhistory,yetinthetruesensetheyareunknown,becausemisunderstood.Ishouldliketopresentsomeofthegreatestchiefsofmoderntimesinthelightofthenativecharacterandideals,believingthattheAmericanpeoplewillgladlydothemtardyjustice
3、.ItismatterofhistorythattheSiouxnation,towhichIbelong,wasoriginallyfriendlytotheCaucasianpeopleswhichitmetinsuccession-first,tothesouththeSpaniards;thentheFrench,ontheMississippiRiverandalongtheGreatLakes;latertheEnglish,andfinallytheAmericans.Thispowerfultribe
4、thenroamedoverthewholeextentoftheMississippivalley,betweenthatriverandtheRockies.Theirusagesandgovernmentunitedthevariousbandsmorecloselythanwasthecasewithmanyoftheneighboringtribes.Duringtheearlypartofthenineteenthcentury,chiefssuchasWabashaw,Redwing,andLittle
5、SixamongtheeasternSioux,ConqueringBear,Man-Afraid-of-His-Horse,andHumpofthewesternbands,werethelastoftheoldtype.Afterthese,wehaveacoterieofnewleaders,productsofthenewconditionsbroughtaboutbyclosecontactwiththeconqueringrace.Thisdistinctionmustbeborneinmind--tha
6、twhiletheearlychiefswerespokesmenandleadersinthesimplestsense,possessingnorealauthority,thosewhoheadedtheirtribesduringthetransitionperiodweremoreorlessrulersandmoreorlesspoliticians.Itisasingularfactthatmanyofthe"chiefs",wellknownassuchtotheAmericanpublic,were
7、notchiefsatallaccordingtotheacceptedusagesoftheirtribesmen.Theirprominencewassimplytheresultofanabnormalsituation,inwhichrepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesGovernmentmadeuseofthemforadefinitepurpose.Inafewcases,whereachiefmetwithaviolentdeath,2INDIANHEROESANDGREAT
8、CHIEFTAINSsomeambitiousmanhastakenadvantageoftheconfusiontothrusthimselfuponthetribeand,perhapswithoutsidehelp,hassucceededinusurpingtheleadership.RedCloudwasbornabout1820ne
