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Beijing’sCleanAirActionsDuring2013-2017ZhangFengBeijingMunicipalEcologyandEnvironmentalBureauNov.152018 Contents1.AirQualityImprovedSignificantly2.MajorMeasures3.LessonsandExperienceLearned 1AirQualityImprovedSignificantlyBackground:rapidandhealthyeconomicalsocial2.8development2.03GDP(trillionYuan)37.9%increase20132017140%RelativevalueGDP21.1521.71135%(comparedwithvaluesin2013)Population(million)130%2.6%increase20132017125%5.445.91120%Vehicles(million)115%8.7%increase20132017110%VehiclesEnergy71.33Energy105%Consumption67.24ConsumptionPopulation(milliontonsofcoal)100%6%increase2013201420152016201720132017 1AirQualityImprovedSignificantlyIn2017,theannualaverageconcentrationofSO,NO,PMandPM22102.5reducedtowas8,46,84and58μg/m3respectively,reducedby70.4%,17.9%,22.2%and34.8%comparedwith2013.Specially,theannualaverageconcentrationofSOin2017approachedthe2averagelevelinEuropeancities. 2.MajorMeasuresCoal-firedEmissionControlAnnualcoalconsumptionhasdroppedfrom22.7milliontobelow5milliontons,whiletheproportionofcleanandhigh-qualifiedenergyshareincreasedtomorethan90%.4gas-firedthermalpowercentersarebuilttoreplace4coal-firedthermalpowerplants.“Coal-to-cleanenergyconversion”conductedin1829villages.Atotalof39,000tonsvaporcapacitycoalboilersconvertedcleanenergy27,000smallcoal-firedfurnaceswereeliminated.Low-nitrogencombustiontechnologyappliedinatotalof34,000tonsvaporcapacitygas-firedboilers. 2.MajorMeasuresVehicleEmissionControlandFuelQualityStrictcontroloverincreaseofvehiclefleet,enforcedtheChinaVEmissionStandardsonnewvehicles,appliedtheStageFiveofChinaFuelQualityStandardsequaltoEuro5gasolineStandards;2,167,000oldpollutingyellow-labeledvehicleswereeliminated,newenergyvehiclefleetgrowto200,000,and51,000taxiesadoptedthree-waycatalyticconverterretrofitting;High-emissionvehiclesandnon-roadmachineriesareregulatedtightly.Lowemissionzonewasindentified,heavy-dutydieselvehiclesbelowtheChinaⅢEmissionStandardarebannedwithintheSixth-RingRoad.Bypromotingrail-basedpublictransportation,greentransportationaccounts72.1%intotaltripsmodelsin2017.北京地铁线路图 2.MajorMeasuresIndustriesEmissionControlImplementationoftheCatalogfortheBanningandRestrictingSettingNewIndustrialPlantsandprocess;theCatalogforEliminatingandAdjustingPollutingIndustrialProcess,1992oldpollutingfactorieswereclosedorrelocated,and11,000small,poorlymanagedpollutingenterprisesarerenovated.Technicalretrofittinginpetrochemicalindustriesachieved57,000tonsVOCsemissionreduction.TheproportionofTertiaryindustryinGDPreached82.4%. 2.MajorMeasuresReducingDustPollutionConstructiondust,applicationofnewtechnologiesandmeasures,includingtire-washingmachineandvideomonitoringsystem,improvelawenforcementefficiency;Roaddust,8,000trucksforconstructionsoiltransportationwereretrofittedtobetightlyclosedtoreduceleakageduringtransportation;newandefficientprocesseswereappliedin88%roadcleaningoperationinthecity.70,000hectaresoflandwasafforested. 2.MajorMeasuresHeavyPollutionResponseAnheavypollutionresponsesystemwasbuiltwithinthecitygovernmentwithdetailedactionplanpublishedsince2013;afour-levelwarningsystemforheavypollutionepisodeswasdeveloped:red,orange,yellowandblue,correspondingmeasureshealthyprotectionandpollutionmitigationmeasuresclearlyspecified;Pollutionforecastpublishedinadvanceafterregionalconsultation;Greateffortsmadetosuperviseimplementationoftheheavypollutionresponseactionplan;Informationreleasedinatimelymannertogiverightguidanceforthepublic. 3.ExperienceandLessonsLearnedStrongscientificsupport,includingPM2.5SourceApportionmentLateststudyshows:Beijinglocalemissionscontribute2/3oftotalPMintheair,2.5whileregionaltransmissionaccountsfor1/3;LocalPMsourcesinBeijingare:PMresultingfrommobilesources,dust2.52.5source,industrialsource,householdsource,andcoal-burningsource,theycontribute45%,16%,12%,12%,and3%,respectively;PMresultingfrom2.5agriculturalandnaturalsource,etcaccountsforabout12%.10 3.ExperienceandLessonsLearnedLaws,Regulations,Standards,&PoliciesEconomicincentivepolicies:70categoriesofeconomicpolicies,includingsubsidiesforimplementationofpollutioncontrolmeasure,coaltogasorelectricityconversion,lowNOxemissionretrofitting,scrappingoldpollutingvehicles,etc.Lawsandregulations:Beijing'sLocalAirPollutionPreventionandControlLawraisedmanyconcreterulesonpollutioncontrolrequirementandviolation.44localairpollutantsemissionstandardsmorestringentthannationalstandards,coveringboiler,petrochemical,automobileandother. 3.ExperienceandLessonsLearnedKey:RegionalCollaborationAregionalcooperationmechanismhasbeensetupundertheleadershipofcentralgovernment,coverBeijingandthesurroundingcitiesandprovinces,withkeyministriesinvolved.NewvehicleemissionstandardandNationalSpecialEmissionLimitsonAirPollutantforsiximportantindustriesandcoal-firedboilers;coordinationonincreasessupplyofnaturalgasandhigh-qualitycoaltotheregion.Unifiedactionsweretakenforheavypollutionepisoderesponse,includingpollutionforecastandannouncement. Thanks!