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1、CHAPTER52COLONANDRECTUMRobertD.Fry,NajjiaN.Mahmoud,DavidJ.Maron,andJoshuaI.S.BleierDistalrectaldevelopmentiscomplex.Thecloacaisaspe-embryologyofthecolonandrectumcializedareaoftheprimitivedistalrectumcomposedofendo-anatomyofthecolon,rectum,andpelvicfloorderm-andectoderm-deri
2、vedtissues.Thisareaisincorporatedphysiologyofthecolonintotheanaltransitionzone,whichsurroundsthedentatelineinbowelpreparationbeforesurgerytheadult.Thecloacaexistsinacontinuumwiththehindgutbut,diverticulardiseaseatapproximatelythesixthweek,itbeginstodivideanddifferen-colonic
3、volvulustiateintoanteriorurogenitalandposterioranalandsphincterlargebowelobstructionandpseudo-obstructionelements.Simultaneously,theurogenitalandGItractsaresepa-inflammatoryboweldiseaseratedbycaudalmigrationoftheurogenitalseptum.Duringtheinfectiouscolitis10thweekofdevelopme
4、nt,theexternalanalsphincterisformedfromtheposteriorcloacaasthedescentoftheurogenitalseptumcolonicischemiabecomescomplete.Theinternalanalsphincterisformedbytheneoplasia12thweekfromenlargedcircularmusclelayersoftherectum.intestinalstomaspelvicfloordisordersandconstipationANAT
5、OMYOFTHECOLON,RECTUM,laparoscopiccolonresectionANDPELVICFLOORThecolonandrectumconstituteatubeofvariablediameterapproximately150cminlength.Theterminalileumemptiesintothececumthroughathickened,nipple-shapedinvagina-EMBRYOLOGYOFTHECOLONANDRECTUMtion,theileocecalvalve.Thececumi
6、sacapacioussaclikesegmentNocomprehensivediscussionofcolorectalanatomyiscompleteoftheproximalcolon,withanaveragediameterof7.5cmandwithoutathoroughunderstandingofthegenesisofthegastro-lengthof10cm.Althoughitisdistensible,acutedilationoftheintestinal(GI)tract.Knowledgeofthedev
7、elopmentalanatomycecumtoadiametermorethan12cm,whichcanbemeasuredoftheforegut,midgut,andhindgutestablishesacontextinbyaplainabdominalradiograph,canresultinischemicnecrosiswhichtoconsidermaturestructuralandfunctionalanatomicandperforationofthebowelwall.Surgicalinterventionmay
8、berelationships.requiredwhenthisdegreeofcecaldistentioniscausedbyTheendodermalroof
