200gev金金碰撞中质子与反质子直接流研究

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1、Chapter1IntroductionInthee缸ly1970s，itbec锄eckaurthatthenudeonw豁Ⅱotanelementaryparticlebutwascomposedofasubstructureof3Valencequ缸kscoll6nedintoaboundstatebystronginteraction．Quant衄c11romoDynamics(QcD)isthoughttobeacorrecttheorydescribingthisstrongin七eraction(thestrongⅡuclea

2、rforce)whichismediatedbytheexchangeofcolollr—chargedvectorgluo璐．Insh盯pdistinctiontothebehavioroftheunch村gedqua丑taofquantumelectrodynamics(QED)，thecol011r—chargedgluonSofQCDinteract而theachother．TMsleadstothepropertyofaSymptotic舶edom，thereductionofthee髭ctivecouplingconstant

3、atashortdistances，a皿disbelievedtopr晰dethecon矗nementpr叩ertyat10ngdistanceswherequ缸ksandgluoIlsbehaVeasifattauchedtoeauchotherbyacolorstriⅡg．TheoIlly矗eepar锄etersinQCDarethebarequarl【smassandthestrongcou-plingstren酵h舶betweenqH缸l【sandgluons．乳isdetermined丘omtheexperiment．urLli

4、ketheelectrodynamiccoupliIlgconstaⅡt乜=南isaconstant，thestrongcou．plingcoIlstan七Qs=譬varieswithener百es．Therenorm出izedQcDcouplingasd印endsontheenergyscme．Theru皿ingcouplingconstantas(弘)canbeWit七enas：洲三掣47r岛ln(肛2／A为eD)(1．1)where岛=11一；凡，，佗，isthen洫berofqu趾ks丽thmaSslessthantheener斟

5、sc如“．a。aver邺dover击盎ren七e)(perimentintheworldis0．1187土O．002atthe缸ed-reference弘o=朋：andtheQCDscaleAoGD一200MeV．口sdecreases109盯it}u血callywithincreasingener百es．ThelargerenergytraIlsfertheshort幽tance，accormngtotheuncertaiⅡtyrelation．Sothestrongforcebe∞messmalllera七shortdistance．

6、ThisphenomenoniscaUedtheas)rIllptotic丘eedom．Con、吧rsely'thecouplingconstan七increaseswithdecreaSingener醪ThisreVeabthatthestrongforcegrowsstrongerⅥdthdistance．Itappe盯sthatquarl【sareco曲ned洫aboundstateincolorless留oupof酊(mesoⅡs)andqqg(baryons)．ItwasSoonrealizedthatthecouisionso

7、ftherelativisticheaWionscomdpr晰detheme缸Isofobt缸ningsupe卜densenudearmatterinthe1aboratory．Thekinetic⑨硕士学位论文MASTER‘STHESISChapter2RelatiVisticHeaVyIonCollisions§2．1IntroductiontoRelativisticHeavyIonColli—sionsModernphysicsischallengedbythepuzzleofquaurkco血nementinastron91yi

8、nteractingsystem．TherelatiVisticheavy—ioncoUisioncane)【periⅡlentallypro、ridethehi曲eⅡerg)rde璐i够re