(r)英国文学简述题

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1、23.WhatistheVictorianPeriodinEnglishhistory?ChronologicallytheVictorianperiodroughlycoincideswiththereignofQueenVictoriaoverEnglandfrom1836to1901.TheperiodhasbeengenerallyregardedasoneofthemostgloriousintheEnglishhistory.24.WhatarethemaincharacteristicsoftheEnglishliteratureinVict

2、orianPeriod?Victorianliterature^asaproductofitsage,naturallytookonitsqualityofmagnitudeanddiversity.Itwasmany-sidedandcomplex,andreflectedbothromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeopledlifeandthought.Victorianliterature,ingeneralttruthfullyrepresentsthereal

3、ityandspiritoftheage.Thehigh-spiritedvitality,thedown-to-earthearnestness,thegood-naturedhumorandunboundedimaginationareallunprecedented.Inalmosteverygenreitpavedthewayforthecomingcentury,whereitsspirits,valuesandexperimentsaretowitnesstheirbumpharvest.25.WhatistheChartistMovement

4、?From1836to1848,theEnglishworkersgotthemselvesorganizedinbigcitiesandbroughtforththePeople'sCharter,inwhichtheydemandedbasicrightsandbetterlivingandworkingconditions.ThePeopledParliamentgatheredin1837andonthePeopledChartertherewereoveramillionsignaturesofworkers.Themovementsweptov

5、ermostofthebitcitiesinthecountry.ThiswasthefirstmassmovementoftheEnglishworkingclassandtheearlysignoftheawakeningofthepoor,oppressedpeople.26.WhatisUtilitarianism?Theethicaldoctrinethatvirtueisbasedonutility,andthatconductshouldbedirectedtowardpromotingthegreatesthappinessofthegre

6、atestnumberofpersons.27.WhywasEnglandcalledaworkshopoftheworld”intheVictorianperiod?TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems.AftertheReformBillof1832passedthepoliticalpowerfromthedecayingaristocratsintothehandsofthemiddlecla

7、ssindustrialcapitalists,theIndustrialRevolutionsoongearedup.Scientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicinventionsfromrailwaystosteamships,fromspinningloomstoprintingmachinesquicklybroughtamazingchangestothecountry.ForatimeEnglandwastheworkshopoftheworldv28・WhatisCriticalRealism?CriticalRe

8、alismisthemaintrendoftheliteraryt