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1、ChuangTzu:InnerChaptersChapterOneWanderinginAbsoluteFreedomIntheNorthSeathereisakindoffishbythenameofkun,whosesizecoversthousandsofli.Thefishmetamorphosesintoakindofbirdbythenameofpeng,whosebackcoverthousandsofli.Whenitrisesinflight,itswingsarelikecloudstha
2、thangfromthesky.Whenthewindblowsoverthesea,thepengmovestotheSouthSea,theCelestialPond.AccordingtoQiXie,acollectionofmysteriousstories,“OnitsjourneytotheSouthSea,thepengflapsspraysfor3,000liandsoarstoaheightof90,000liatthewindytimeofJune.”Theair,thedustsandt
3、hemicrobesfloatintheskyatthebreathofthewind.Doestheskydisplaythebluenessasitstruecolour?Ordoesitreachanunattainabledistance?Whenthepenglooksfromabove,itmusthaveobservedasimilarsight.Ifamassofwaterisnotdeepenough,itwillnotbeabletofloatlargeships.Whenyoupoura
4、cupofwaterintoaholeonthefloor,astrawcansailonitasaboat,butacupwillgetstuckinitforthewateristooshallowandthevesselistoolarge.Ifthewindisnotstrongenough,itwillnotbeabletobearlargewings.Therefore,thepengmusthaveastrongwindunderitasitssupportsoastosoartoaheight
5、of90,000li.Onlythencanitbravetheblueskyandclearallobstaclesonitssouthwardjourney.Acicadaandaturtle-dovederidedthepengsaying,“Weflyupwarduntilwealightonanelmorasandaltree.Sometimeswhenwecannotmakeit,wejustfallbacktotheground.What’sthesenseofsoaringtoaheighto
6、f90,000lionyourjourneytothesouth?”Ifyouaregoingtothegreensuburbs,youonlyhavetobringthreemealsandyouwillcomebackwithafullstomach.Ifyouaregoing100liaway,youhavetogrindenoughgrainfortheovernightstay.Ifyouaregoing1,000liaway,youhavetobringenoughgraintolastyouth
7、reemonths.Howcouldthesetwolittlecreaturesknowaboutallthis?Littlelearningdoesnotcomeuptogreatlearning;theshort-liveddoesnotcomeuptothelong-lived.Howdoweknowthatthisisthecase?Thefungithatsproutinthemorninganddiebeforeeveningdonotknowthealterationofnightandday
8、;cicadasdonotknowthealterationofspringandautumn.Thosearecasesoftheshort-lived.InthesouthofthestateofChuthereisamiraculoustortoise,forwhomeachspringorautumnlasts500years;intheremoteagestherewasahugetoon
