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1、非谓语动词一、动词不定式一)、不定式结构作主语Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Toperseveremeansvictory!注①:在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:It’sagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.注②:这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子,如:Ittookusfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtal
2、klikethat.注③:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示,如:Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.注④:某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.二)、不定式结构作表语1.主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),
3、如:Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2.主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或以what引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.Mysuggestioni
4、stostartworkatonce.注:在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”,Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.三)、不定式结构作动词宾语1.“动词+带to的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pret
5、end,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.2.“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。这类动词常见的有:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain
6、,remember,see,understand,wonder等。疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有:what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),如:Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere..注意不定式符号的省略问题!四)、不定式结构作定语1.不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后,如:It’stimetogotobed.Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficulties.Haveyouanythingt
7、odeclare?Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.2.能带不定式结构作宾语的动词,转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语,如:Idon’twishtoquarrelwithyou.→Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.Theywillattempttocrosstherivertonight.→Theywillmakeanotherattempttocrosstherivertonight.S
8、hepromisednottodoth