【8A文】18世纪英国文学.ppt

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1、TheLiteratureOf18thCenturyIntroductionLiterarybackgroundLiteraryDevelopmentFamouswritersLiterarybackgroundThecontending(敌对的)factions(派别)Literati(文人学士)asservantsofcontentionThedevelopmentofsociallife1.Theliteratureofthe18thcenturywasdominatedbytheinterestsofcontendingpartiesTheWhigs:determinedtosa

2、feguardpopularliberty;TheTories:conservative,wouldleaveasmuchauthorityaspossibleintheroyalhands;2.LiteratiasservantsofcontentionTheWhigsandtheTorieswerewellbalancedinpower.TooverturnaToryoraWhigcabinet,mostofthegreatwritersoftheagewerethewillingservantsoftheWhigsorTories.3.Thedevelopmentofsociall

3、ifeInthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury,Englandsawtheappearanceofalargenumberofpubliccoffeehousesandprivateclubs.Nearlyallwritersfrequentedthecoffeehousesanddiscussedmattersofliterature.Hence,theenormousamountof18th-centuryworksweredevotedtotransientaffairs,politics,fashions,andgossip.LiteraryDevelopme

4、nt1.Neo-classicism2.sentimentalism3.Modernnovel4.Romanticism1.Neoclassicism新古典主义TheEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheneoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanw

5、riters,suchasHomer.Addison,Steele,Popebelongedtothisschool.2.Sentimentalism感伤主义Sentimentalismisindulgedinemotionandsentiment.CriticizesthecrueltyofthecapitalistrelationsandthegrosssocialinjusticesbroughtaboutbythebourgeoisrevolutionsandtheIndustrialRevolution.Theyadvocatethatsentimentshouldtaketh

6、eplaceofreason.ThomasGray,OliverGoldsmitharerepresentativesofthisschool.3.ThebeginningofmodernnovelModernEnglishnovelbeganinthe18thcenturyandgavetheworldsuchnovelistsasDefoe,Swift,Fielding,SmollettandSterne.DanielDefoe’sRobinsonCrusoewasoneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglish18thcenturyrealisticnovel.But

7、itwasHenryFieldingandTobiasGeorgeSmolletwhobecametherealfoundersofthegenreofthebourgeoisrealisticnovelinEnglandandEurope.4.CharacteristicsofEarly/Pre-RomanticismRomanticismhasfiveprominentcharacteristics:TheRomanticMov