【7A文】Sustainable Environmental Management Practics for Unconventional Gas Projects.pptx

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1、ShaleGasSummit2010PresentationOutline•AboutAECOM•UnconventionalGas:AnOverview•UnconventionalGas:KeyChallengesandBestPractices•UnconventionalGas:ExampleProjectsShaleGasSummit2010asboththesourceandthereservoirforthenaturalgas.Oldershalegaswellswereverticalwhilemorerecentwells

2、areprimarilyhorizontalandneedartificialstimulation,likehydraulicfracturing,toproduce....APIShaleGasSummit20100200001500010000500035000300002500020072008U.S.ShaleProvedReserves(BillionCubicFeet)U.S.ShaleProvedReserves(BillionCubicFeet)ShaleGasShalegasisdefinedasnaturalgasfro

3、mshaleformations.TheshaleactsShaleGasSummit2010ProductionMethod–HydrofracToproducethenaturalgasfromsuchfine-grainedrock,hydraulicfracturingora“hydrofrac,”wherewaterunderhighpressureformsfracturesintherock,whichareproppedopenbysandorothermaterialstoprovidepathwaysforgastomov

4、etothewell.ShaleGasSummit2010UnconventionalGas–DrivingForce1.Economics–PriceofNaturalGas1980s-$2/MCF2005-2009~$5.2/MCFMCF(thousandcubicfeet)2.DirectionalDrillingapplicationDrillalongtheShale–reducestotaldrillingcostCreatemorehydrofraczonesOnehorizontalwellcanproduceatotalof

5、about2.5BCF(billioncubicfeet)ofgas3.AdvancementofHydrofractechniquesShaleGasSummit2010ShaleGasSummit2010•IntheU.S.,anestimated35,000wellsarehydraulicallyfracturedannually•EachHydrofracneed10,000m3/about35,000barrelsofwater.•Some10-15Hydrofracrequiresforeachwell•100,000m3ofw

6、aterwillberequiredforeachwell•~25%ofHydrofracwillbeflowbacktosurface•Singlewellneedabout800m3ofmudTheBIGpictureonWaterneedsShaleGasSummit2010Stimulationrequires•Substantialamountsofwater.Fluidsrecoveredfromthewell,includingtheliquidsusedforthehydrofrac,andanyproducedformati

7、onbrines,mustbetreatedanddisposedofproperly.•Water-resourceconcernsare:–supplyingwaterforwellconstructionwithoutimpactinglocalwaterresources,–avoidingdegradationofsmallwatershedsandstreamsassubstantialamountsofheavyequipmentandsuppliesaremovedaroundonruralroads,and–determin

8、ingthepropermethodsforthesafedisposalofthelargequantitiesofpotentiallycontaminated