疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的合成与流变性研究

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1、摘要疏水缔合水溶性聚合物是指在聚合物亲水性大分子链上带有疏水基团的一类水溶性聚合物，其特有的两亲分子结构使溶液具有独特的流变性。由于疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的耐温耐盐性，使其在工业生产中得到日益广泛的应用。本文研究聚丙烯酰胺的疏水改性，用丫射线辐照PAM，发现PAM以降解为主，其溶液的表观粘度总体呈下降趋势，实验确定了降解最小的条件。聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)通过辐射接枝反应，在其大分子亲水主链上引入带少量2．丙烯酰胺基．2．甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)以及丙烯酸十八酯的支链，得到～种疏水改性的接枝共聚物——疏水改性的聚丙

2、烯酰胺(HMPAM)。实验采用了预辐射接枝共聚合和共辐射接枝聚合两种方法得到了疏水改性的聚丙烯酰胺。其中，预辐射接枝共聚合采取了预辐射一溶液接枝共聚合与预辐射—胶束接枝共聚合，且得到的接枝产物的水溶液粘度要比未经改性的PAM的水溶液粘度大得多，同时我们对这两种工艺进行了对比，预辐射一胶束接枝共聚合要优于预辐射一溶液接枝共聚合。共辐射接枝聚合我们采用了两种工艺——溶胀态共辐射接枝与固相共辐射接枝，溶胀态共辐射接枝易产生不溶的交联产物，而固相共辐射接枝操作简易，改性效果好。通过实验我们确立了最佳的实验条件(包括

3、辐射时间、疏水单体用量、创心S／丙烯酸十八酯的比例)。疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的流变性测试表明，接枝共聚物水溶液的耐温性、耐盐性要明显优于未改性的PAM水溶液。关键词：聚丙烯酰胺；疏水缔合；辐射接枝；胶束聚合；固相共辐射ABSTRACTHydrophobicallymodifiedwater-solublepolymerisapolymerwithafewhydrophobicgroupsinthehydrophilicmacromolecularchain．Thepolymersolutionhasunique

4、rheologybecauseofitsamphiphilicmolecularstructure．Fortheirspecialpropertiesofhighertemperatureresistanceandsalttolerance，hydrophobicallymodifiedpolyacrylamide(HMPAM)havebeenwidelyusedintheindustry．Itwasshownthatpolyacrylamide(PAM)mainlyundergoesdegradation

5、under-／-irradiation．ThestudywascarriedoutonexperimentalconditionunderwhichdegradationWaStheleaSt．Thehydrophobicallymodifiedwater-solublecopolymers，hydrophilicpolyacrylamidegraftedwithAMPSandhydrophobicoctadecylacrylate，weresynthesizedbyradiationgraftingrea

6、ction．Pre-·irradiationgraftcopolymerizationandCO—-irradiationgraftpolymerizationwereusedinthiswork．Pre-irradiationgraftcopolymerizationincludedtwotechnologies，pre-irradiationofPAMwithsolution黟a俞copolymerizationandpre-irradiationofPAMwithmicellegraftpolymer

7、ization．TheaqueoussolutionviscositiesofHMPAMmadebythesetwotechnologieswerehigherthanthatofPAM．AlsowefredthattheaqueoussolutionviscositiesofHMPAMmadebypre-irradiationmicellegraftpolymerizationwerehigherthanthatofHMPAMmadebypre-irradiationsolutiongraftcopoly

8、merization．Co—irradiationgraftpolymerizationalsoreferedtotwotechnologies，whichwereCO—irradiation笋aRunderswollenstateandCO—irradiationgraftundersolidphase．Crosslinkingoftenhappenedunderswollenstateresultingtot