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AdverbialClauses（状语从句） 1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）DifferentKindsofAdverbialClauses:2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）3.AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较）8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步）9.AdverbClausesofManner(方式状语从句) I.时间状语从句:when,while,as,after,before,since,until/till,assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond,bythetime,immediately…. 一、when/while/asWhen+(1)延续性动词e.g.WhenIwasyoung,Ilikeddancing.(2)瞬间性动词(不能用while）e.g.Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport．(3)表示“这时”“正在这时候”e.g.Iwaswalkingonthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.(4)主从句动作先后发生(不能用while）e.g.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun. While+(1)延续性动词e.g.WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.(2)表示两种情况对比，“然而”“而”e.g.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn’t.(3)表示“趁着…时候”(强调主从句动作同时发生).e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot. As侧重主从句动作同时发生，常译为①“一边…一边….”e.g.Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened.)②“随着”e.g.Astimegoesby,wehavegainedmoreandmoreknowledge.注意若主句谓语是短暂性动作，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可以互换！When/While/AswewerehavinganEnglishclass,astrangerbrokein. Practice___________lwaswalkingdownthestreet，Isawsomepolicemen．_______theyheardthenews，theyweresurprised．Theyshoutedslogans____theypassedthesquare.When/While/AsWhenas 二、before常见句型:Itwillbe+一段时间+before…….Itwas+一段时间+before…….Itwon’tbelongbefore……Itwasn’tlongbefore……肯定句意为“多长时间后才…”否定句意为“用不了多长时间就…”Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthisdictionary.我们需要很长的时间才把这部词典编译完。Itwasnotlongbeforethethiefwascaught.小偷不久就被抓住了。 beforeItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwon’tbehalfayearbeforewemeetagain.Wesailedfourdaysandnightsbeforewesawtheland.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.肯定句“才”否定句“就”itwillbe+一段时间before......多久之后才...itwon’tbe+一段时间before......不久就.... 1>.<2004福建卷>Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears________itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.2>.<2007江西卷>Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemonths_________hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.3>.<2000NMET>Someonecalledmeinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_________Icouldanswerthephone.beforebeforebefore 三、after例：1、HecametoseemeafterIarrived.2、Immediatelyafterhewashurt,hewastakentothehospital. 注：before和after引导的状语从句，主从句发生的动作先后顺序很明确，因此after从句中的谓语动词常常使用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。Afterhe(had)finishedhishomework,Tombegantoplaycomputergames. 三Since注意since引导的时间状语从句，主句常用完成时，从句常用一般过去时。Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.句型Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since，如果从句是延续性动词，,用一般过去时和现在完成时不同。Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehewasinthearmy.他离开军队两年了。Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehehasbeeninthearmy.他当兵两年了。 1>.---Howlong____theshop_____ open?---Since1992.(=Since15yearsago)2>.----Sincewhen________thecountry_____opentointernationaltrade?----1978,Isuppose.<2007陕西卷>3>._______5years_________hegraduatedfromcollege._______2years_____hesmoked.hasbeenhasbeenItissinceItissince Practiceitis+时间+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5o’clock_____hegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_____hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethat 四、名词词组引导的状语从句一些表示时间的名词词组,如：themoment,eachtime,everytime,thefirsttime,theyear等,也用于引导时间状语从句，这时它们担当着连接词的功能。______________hewenttoShanghai,hepaidavisittohisformerteacher．A.ForthefirsttimeB.Thefirsttime___________lsawhim,Ithoughtofhisfather．A.ThemomentB.AtthemomentThefirsttimeThemomentEachtimehecame,hewouldbringusalotofflowers． ---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?----Yes.Igaveittoher__________________________________________Isawher.<2000高考>themomenttheminutetheinstant Practice1.WheneverytimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpme.2.Atnexttimeyoucome,dorememberbringyoursonhere.3.ForthefirsttimeImetthegirl,Ifeltinlovewithher.4.Youarewelcometocomebackatanytimeyouwantto.5.AtthelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.语法规则：everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。 关连词组hardly/scarcely…whennosooner…thanassoonas三种句子结构表示“一……就……”。注意：时态assoonas以一般时态代替将来时态nosooner,hardly,scarcely后的句子用过去完成时，than/when后的句子用一般过去时。倒装当hardly或nosooner位于句首时，要倒装。五、一…就… 我一到达上海就给你打电话。时态要求：改错:Ihardlygothomewhenitbegantorain时态要求：IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.ˆhad以一般现在时代替将来时主句用haddone,从句用didnosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when Hehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow．Hardly_____________whenitbegantosnow．Wehadhardlywalkedintothehallwhenthelecturestarted．Hardly_______walkedintothehallwhenthelecturestarted．_______________shegonetosleepthanthetelephonerangoncemore．_______________theboyreachedthedoorthanhecameback．hadhearrivedhadweNosoonerhadNosoonerhad倒装 六、until/tilluntil/till“直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词);I’llwaiteuntil/tilltheconcertisover(till不能放在句首，但是until了的位置不受限制)not…until“直到……才”hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthetask.注意：倒装句、强调句，及位于句首时，只能用until。NotuntilIreturneddidshefinishherhomework.ItwasnotuntilIreturnedhomethatshefinishedherhomework. 1．Themeetingdidn’tstart___everyonewasthere．A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if2．Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.wentnot;untilB.didn’tgo;afterC.went;untilD.didn’tgo;until Practice1>.MotherwaitedforTomtill/untilfarintothenight.(持续性动词)2>.Tomdidn’tgetbacktill/untileverythingwasallright.(短暂性动词)★=_____________everythingwasallright__________________.★=________________everythingwasallright______Tomgotback.NotuntildidTomgetbackItwasnotuntilthat 六、bythetime引导的从句Bythetimewegottothestation,thebus_______left.Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,I________leftthiscityformyhometown.hadwillhave 小结练习1.Theywalkedoutoftheroom_________themeetingwasover.2.Theymuststayinschool_________theyaresixteen.3.Takethemedicine_________yougotobed.assoonasbythetimebefore 4.Iknewnothingaboutit_______hetoldme.5.Itismorethanfiveyears_____westartedtolearnEnglish.6._______hetalkedon,hegotmoreandmoreexcited.7.Weshouldstrike_______theironishot.untilsinceAswhile 1.IwaswaitingforthebuswhileImethim.2.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,Ilistenedtotheradio.3.I’lltellyouassoonasI’llknow.4.Weoftenfinishourhomeworkafterwegotobed.5.Wehavebeenfriendsafterwemetatschool.6.Jimdidn’tgotobedsincehismothercameback.改错：whenwaslisteningbeforesinceuntil BYE-BYE!Thankyou!
