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1、1、Stainlesssteelscontainfrom10to30%chromium.Varyingamountsofnickel,molybdenum,copper,sulfur,titanium,niobium,etc.maybeaddedtoobtaindesiredmechanicalpropertiesandservicelife.Stainlesssteelsareprimarilyclassifiedasaustenitic,ferritic,martensitic,duplexorprecipitationhardeninggr
2、ades.ThefirststainlesssteelgradesthatwerecommerciallyproducedintheUnitedStatesweresimilarto302,410,420,430,and446.Thesefivealloyswereproducedandmarketedpriorto1930.Insubsequentyears,thegradessimilarto303,304,316,321,347,416,and440werebroughttomarket考虑到腐蚀因素,往往要选择使用不锈钢材料。不锈钢有五个
3、基本的种类:奥氏体、铁素体、马氏体、双相不锈钢和沉淀硬化型不锈钢。奥氏体不锈钢没有磁性,抗腐蚀性能较好,具有代表性的钢种是加入18%的铬并含有一定的镍,它们是在石油化工行业中被广泛运用的钢种。铁素体不锈钢具有磁性,铬元素是其主要的含量,比例为17%,这种材料具有很好的抗氧化性。马氏体不锈钢同样也具有磁性,铬的含量通常为13%,并含有适量比例的碳,它们可通过淬火和回火而被硬化。相比较而言,铁素体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能较差。双相不锈钢具有铁素体和奥氏体的混合金属组织,铬的含量在18%到28%之间,镍的含量4.5%-8%之间,它们有着较好的抗
4、应力腐蚀的能力。沉淀型不锈钢铬的常规含量17%,并加有一定量的镍、铜和铌,它们可通过析出和时效被硬化。为了便于说明,现给出一个各国不锈钢标准比较表(表I)。表I世界各国常用不锈钢标准对照表ChineseU.S.A. Germany ItalyJapan RussiaSweden U.K. EuropeanUnionGB1220-92AISIDIN17006 UNI JISGOSTSISBSIEURONORM1Cr17Mn6Ni5N2011) SUS201 1Cr17Ni73011)X12CrNi177X12CrNi1707 SUS30
5、1 2331 301S21 X12CrNi1771Cr18Ni93021) X5CrNi187 X10CrNi1809SUS30212KH18N9 2331 302S25 X10CrNi189Y1Cr18Ni93031) X10CrNiS189 X10CrNiS1809SUS303 2346 303S21 X10CrNiS189Y1Cr18Ni9Se303Se1) X10CrNiS1809SUS303Se 12KH18N10E 303S41 0Cr18Ni93041) X5CrNi1810X5CrNi1812 X5CrNi1810SUS3
6、0408KH18N1006KH18N11 2332 304S15 304S16 X6CrNi18100Cr19Ni9N304N1) X5CrNiN1810SUS304N1 304H1) X8CrNi1910SUSF304H 00Cr19Ni11304L1)X2CrNi1811X2CrNi1911SUS304L03KH18N11 2352304S11 X3CrNi181000Cr18Ni10N X2CrNiN1810X2CrNiN1811SUS304LN 2371 1Cr18Ni123051) X8CrNi1812SUS3
7、05 2333 305S19 X8CrNi1812 SUSXM7 X6CrNiCu18104Kd3091)X15CrNiS2012 X16CrNi2314SUH309 309S24 X15CrNi23130Cr23Ni13309S1) X6CrNi2314SUS309S20KH23N18 X6CrNi22133101) X12CrNi2521 X22CrNi2520SUH31010KH23N18 310S24 U.S.A. Germany ItalyJapan RussiaSweden U.K. EuropeanUni
8、onAISIDIN17006 UNI JISGOSTSISBSIEURONORM0Cr25Ni20310S1)X12CrNi2520 X