都铎王室正常收入述评

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1、摘要摘要都铎王朝（1485-1603年）是英国由传统社会向近代社会转型的关键时期。在此阶段，社会中的传统因素逐渐消失，近代因素日益增多。然而，自13世纪之后不断减少的王室正常收入在王朝建立初期却突然增加，随后尽管此项收入有些变化，但总体而言，与前代相比，有大幅度增加。这一反常历史现象，很值得考察与分析。本论文首先在前人研究基础上，界定了正常收入的概念，以明确研究内容，并简单介绍该项收入在都铎王朝建立之前的概况。其次，在解读史料基础上，归纳、概括王室增加正常收入的各项措施，客观描述王室领地收入和封建性收入等正常收入变化，总结变化轨迹特征。再者，对都铎王朝正常

2、收入以及增收措施进行客观评价，认为它虽然数量增加，但考虑王朝中后期物价上涨因素，购买力已大幅下降，所以不宜过高估计其对王室财政的贡献；由于受到习惯和议会制约，增加王室正常收入空间被局限在一定范围内，表明都铎王室政府敛财能力受到严重制约；出售王室领地尽管暂时解决了财政需要，但却破坏了正常收入的根基，得不偿失。史实表明，都铎君主增加正常收入的努力尽管取得一定成效，但随着经济结构的变化，已不可能恢复传统社会的财政体制。关键词：都铎时期王室正常收入领地收入封建特权收入-IAbstractAbstractTudorDynasty(1485-1603)isthecri

3、ticalperiodofBritishsocialtransitionfromtraditionalsocietytomodernsociety.Atthisstage,thetraditionalfactorsinsocietydisappeargradually,andthemodernelementsincrease.However,theroyaldynasty'straditionalrevenuewhichhadbeendecliningsincethe13thcenturysuddenlyincreasesintheearlyestabli

4、shmentofthatdynasty.Theneventhoughthiskindofrevenuechanges,generallyspeaking,comparingwithpreviousgeneration,itincreasesconsiderably.Itisaabnormalhistoricalphenomenonthatdeservesstudyandanalysis.Onthebasisoftheformerresearches,thispaperfirstlydefinestheconceptofnormalincometodefin

5、eit’scontentsandintroducesthecircumstanceofthiskindofincomebeforethefoundationofTudorDynastybriefly.Secondly,onthebasisoftheinterpretationofthehistoricalmaterials,thispaperinducesandsummarizesthemeasuresofincreasingthenormalrevenueanddescribesthechangesofthenormalrevenueofcrownlan

6、dandthefeudalrevenueobjectively;italsosumsupthecharacteristicsofchangedtrack.Furthermore,thearticlegivesanobjectiveevaluationtoTudor’snormalincomeandthemeasuresofincreasingit.Thispaperholdstheideathatalthoughtheincomeincreased,consideringthefactorofpricerisinginthelatedynastyandth

7、esignificantdeclinationofthepurchasingpower,soitshouldnotoverestimatethecontributionofittotheroyalfinances.Duetothehabitsandparliamentaryconstraints,thespaceofimprovingnormalroyalrevenueislimitedtoacertainrange,whichindicatesthatmoney-makingcapacityofTudorroyalgovernmentwasseverel

8、yrestricted;althoughthefinancialn