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1、Fl.China11:141–158.2008.3.POLYGALALinnaeus,Sp.Pl.2:701.1753.远志属yuanzhishuAnnualorperennialherbs,orshrubsorsmalltrees,rarelysmall,woodyclimbers.Leavessimple,alternate,rarelyoppositeorwhorled,petiolate;leafbladepaperyorsubleathery,marginentire,glabrousorpilose.Racemesterminal,axillary,o
2、rextra-axillary.Flowersbisexual,zygomorphic;bracts1–3,persistentorcaducous;bracteolespresent.Sepals5,unequal,persistentorcaducous,in2ranks;outer3small;inner2petaloid,large.Petals3,connateinlower1/2,white,yellow,orpurple-red,keelboat-shaped,cucullate,orhelmet-shapedenclosingstamensands
3、tyle,apexwithoftenhighlydividedappendage.Stamens8;filamentsunitedatleastatbase,formingtrough-shapedsheath(“staminalsheath”),openonupperside,adnatewithpetals,variouslyunitedorfreeabove;anthersbasifixed,withorwithoutstalk,1-or2-celled,dehiscentfromterminalporeorslit.Diskpresentorabsent.
4、Ovary2-loculed,compressed;ovule1perlocule,anatropous,pendulous;style1,erectorcurved;stigmas1or2.Fruitcapsular,compressed,oftenwinged.Seeds2,usuallyblack,ovoid,roundedorshortlycuneate,pubescentorglabrous,strophiolateathiliferousend,strophiolecap-shaped,cucullate,marginentireorvariously
5、lobed,otherendsometimeswithappendage.About500species:widespreadworldwide;44species(21endemic)inChina.1a.Sepalspersistentafterflowering;keelwithapicalappendagehighlyfiliform-fimbriate.2a.Filamentsunited,forminganopenstaminalsheathsplitinupper1/2–2/3,with2separatesinglefilamentsinmiddle
6、,andoneithersideofthese,aunitedgroupof3filamentseachcarrying3sessileanthersattip.3a.Annualherbs,usuallyshorterthan15cmtall;racemesaxillaryorextra-axillary,shorterthanleaves;flowerswhite,rarelypurple-red,lateralpetalsdeltoid-rhombic,marginsometimesundulate;capsuleca.2mmindiam.,minutely
7、winged.........................................................................................................................................30.P.polifolia3b.Perennialherbs,erect,morethan15cmtall;racemesterminalorpseudoterminal,rarelyaxillary,longerthanleaves;flowerspurple-red,later
8、alpet
