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1、华中科技大学硕士学位论文withatotalof2892absenteesreportedbyallschoolsundersurveillancefromApril1,2012toJanuary31,2013.Thedailyabsenteeismratewas0.87‰.2184absenteeswereduetoillness,accountingfor75.52%oftotalabsentees.Mostoftheabsenteesduetoillnesswerewithrespiratorysymptomsordiseases(66.35%),follo
2、wedbyrash(22.21%)andfever(14.01%).(2)Atotalof27casesofsuspectedoutbreaksweredetected,andofwhich92.59%weresuspectedasrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasesoutbreaks.TheymainlyoccurredinApriltoMayandNovembertoDecember,shownasbimodaldistribution.Onlyonevaricellaoutbreakwasconfirmedafterinvestigat
3、ionandverification.(3)Theefficacyofmodelswithoptimalparameters:theYouden’sindexofEWMA(λ=0.25,c=2.0)was0.82,ofC1(k=0.5,c=2.0)was0.95,ofC2(k=0.5,c=3.0)was0.98,ofC3(k=0.5,c=5.0)was0.97,whichsuggestedthatC2(k=0.5,c=3.0)hadthehighestefficacy.(4)Duringthesurveillanceperiod,thetotalmissingre
4、portrate,totalzeroreportrate,totalabsencereportrate,totaltimelyreportrateandtotalconsistencyratewere5.39%,69.83%,24.78%,68.89%,and90.24%,respectively.Dataqualitycontrolmeasuresaswellasschoolholidayshadacertainimpactonthequalityofreporteddata.ConclusionTheschoolabsenteeismsurveillances
5、ystemcouldtimelydetecttheaggregationsofabsenteesandabsenteesduetoillnessintimeandspace,soastoprovideeffectiveearlywarningandpreventionandcontrolofinfectiousdiseasesoutbreaksinschools.ThesuccessfulestablishmentandimplementationofthesystemintheruralareasofHubeiProvincecouldprovideeffect
6、iveexperienceforotherresource-poorcountriesorregions.Keywordsschoolabsenteeism;surveillance;earlywarningIV华中科技大学硕士学位论文前言学校是儿童和青少年学习和成长的重要场所,是一个特殊的公共场所。在校学生群体具有明显的密集性、流动性和社会性,相互之间接触频繁密切,为传染病[1]的传播提供了有利条件。此外,学龄儿童是一些传染病,尤其是呼吸道传染病的[2,3]易感人群。研究表明,在流感流行期间,儿童、青少年最早受到感染,并且与其他年龄组相比,其感染率最高。一旦他们
7、受到感染,会迅速将病毒传播给家庭成员,造成更大范围人群的感染。如果学校发生传染病疫情,不仅严重危害学生的身心健康,妨碍学校的正常教学秩序,同时,也会给家庭、社会带来重大影响。因此,学校传染病疫情的防控工作显得尤为重要。目前,我国在校学生以儿童和青少年为主,数目庞大。据统计,2011年全国[4]各级各类学校总数超过50万所,其中,小学和托幼机构占80%以上,人群在校[5]学生比例超过1.9万/10万。根据我国“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”中的数据,发生在学校的传染病突发公共卫生事件占全国传染病突发公共卫生事[6][7]件的比例较高,2004年为64%,2006
8、-2008