[Programming.C#.5.0(Early.Release)].Ian.Griffiths.文字版

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1、O’ReillyMedia,Inc.3/13/20121IntroducingC#TheC#programminglanguage(pronounced‘seesharp’)canbeusedformanykindsofapplications,includingwebsites,desktopapplications,games,phoneapps,andcommandlineutilities.C#hasbeencenterstageforWindowsdevelopersforaboutadecadenow,1sowhenMicrosoftannouncedthatWindow

2、s8wouldintroduceanewstyleofapplication,optimizedfortouch-basedinteractionontablets,itwasnosurprisethatC#wasoneofthefourlanguagestoofferfullsupportfromthestartfortheseMetrostyleapplications,asthey’recalled,(theothersbeingC++,JavaScript,andVisualBasic).AlthoughMicrosoftinventedC#,thelanguageandit

3、sruntimearedocumentedbythestandardsbodyECMA,enablinganyonetoimplementC#.Thisisnotmerelyhypothetical.TheopensourceMonoprojectathttp://www.mono-project.com/providestoolsforbuildingC#applicationsthatrunonLinux,iOSandAndroid.WhyC#?AlthoughtherearemanywaysyoucanuseC#,otherlanguagesarealwaysanoption.

4、WhymightyouchooseC#overthese?Itwilldependonwhatyouneedtodo,andwhatyoulikeanddislikeinaprogramminglanguage.Speakingformyself,IfindthatC#providesconsiderablepowerandflexibility,andworksatahighenoughlevelofabstractionthatIdon’texpendvastamountsofeffortonlittledetailsnotdirectlyrelatedtotheproblems

5、myprogramsaretryingtosolve.(I’mlookingatyou,C++.)MuchofC#’spowercomesfromtherangeofprogrammingtechniquesitsupports.Forexample,itoffersobject-orientedfeatures,generics,andfunctionalprogramming.Itsupportsbothdynamicandstatictyping.Itprovidespowerfullist-andset-orientedfeaturesthankstoLINQ.Themost

6、recentversionofthelanguageaddsintrinsicsupportforasynchronousprogramming.1NewtoWindows,atanyrate.1O’ReillyMedia,Inc.3/13/2012SomeofthemostimportantbenefitsofusingC#comefromitsruntime,whichprovidesservicessuchassecuritysandboxing,runtimetypechecking,exceptionhandling,threadmanagement,andperhapsi

7、tsmostimportantfeature,automatedmemorymanagement.Theruntimeprovidesagarbagecollectorthatfreesdevelopersfrommuchoftheworkassociatedwithrecoveringmemorythattheprogramisnolongerusing.Ofcourse,languagesdonotexistinavacuum—highqualityl