[Programming.Grails(2013.4)].Burt.Beckwith.文字版

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1、ProgrammingGrailsBurtBeckwithProgrammingGrailsbyBurtBeckwithCopyright©2013BurtBeckwith.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.PublishedbyO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,1005GravensteinHighwayNorth,Sebastopol,CA95472.O’Reillybooksmaybepurchasedforeducational,business,orsalespr

2、omotionaluse.Onlineeditionsarealsoavailableformosttitles(http://my.safaribooksonline.com).Formoreinformation,contactourcorporate/institutionalsalesdepartment:800-998-9938orcorporate@oreilly.com.Editors:MikeLoukidesandMeghanBlanchetteIndexer:JudyMcConvilleProductionEditor:Kris

3、tenBorgCoverDesigner:KarenMontgomeryCopyeditor:AbsoluteServices,IncInteriorDesigner:DavidFutatoProofreader:LinleyDolbyIllustrator:RobertRomanoMay2013:FirstEditionRevisionHistoryfortheFirstEdition:2013-04-22:FirstreleaseSeehttp://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=97814493239

4、36forreleasedetails.NutshellHandbook,theNutshellHandbooklogo,andtheO’ReillylogoareregisteredtrademarksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.ProgrammingGrails,theimageofanAntarcticgiantpetrel,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellers

5、todistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andO’ReillyMedia,Inc.,wasawareofatrade‐markclaim,thedesignationshavebeenprintedincapsorinitialcaps.Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisbook,thepublisherandauthorassumenor

6、esponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.ISBN:978-1-449-32393-6[LSI]TableofContentsPreface.......................................................................xi1.IntroductiontoGroovy...................................

7、....................1InstallingGroovy1GroovyConsole2OptionalTyping3CollectionsandMaps4Properties5UsingtheASTBrowser7DecompilingwithJD-GUI8Decompilingwithjavap8Closures8InterfaceCoercion11ProgrammaticClosures11Owner,Delegate,andthis12Groovy’sContributionsintheWarAgainstVerbosi

8、ty13Constructors14CheckedExceptions15GroovyTruth15Semicolons16Option