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1、西安理工大学工程硕士学位论文areasfollows:First，thestandardizationofU-shapedchannelflowmeasurement.Weselectedverticalwallflow-measuringflumeasmainpopularizationform.Westudiedsomefactorssuchasinclination,sloperate,roughrate,etc.andthepossibilityofusingprioritynumberintheseriesofU-shap
2、edchannel,anddrewtheconclusionthatusingR10seriesasparametersofU-shapedchannel.Weverifiedtheestimationmethodoftheflowuncertainty,analyzedthekeypartsrelatedtowaterflumestandard,proposedthetextframeofthestandardrevisionofwaterflume,andgaveoutstandardizedmanagementmodeandm
3、easureofwaterflume.Second,theflumestandardizedmakingofU-shapedchannel.Throughtheinvestigation,researchandexperimentalanalysis,weadoptedconcreteasmaterialinmakingU-shapedchannelandconfirmedthefactoryprefabricationandfieldmountedmakingprocess.Weanalyzedthedivisionschemea
4、ndproposedthemethodoftransitioncurvesurfacecalculationanddesigning.WestudiedtheartsandcraftsofstandardizationandproposedstandardizedsystemofwaterflumeinU-shapedchannel,whichofferedthebasisforstandardizedmanufacture.Third,theautomationflowmeasurementsystemofopenchannel.
5、Fromtheinvestigationsandanalysisofautomationflowmeasurementsystemsathome,weproposedtheautomationflowmeasurementsystembasedonSMS,andanalyzedsomequestionstobesolvedemphaticallysuchassensors,dataprocessing,powersupply,flowmeasuringapparatusandguardingagainsttheft,andalsod
6、iscussedwaterfeeschargingandwateradministration,andgavesomeissuesforthefurtherstudyoftheautomationflowmeasurementsystemofopenchannel.KeyWords:U-shapedchannel;flowmeasurement;standardization;theautomationflowmeasurement;studyii前言前言水资源是人类最为宝贵的自然资源。随着人口增加、工业发展及生活水平提高，使得水资
7、源已经成为稀缺资源，对水资源的配置、节约、保护已经成为人类面临的重要课题。加强水资源管理迫在眉睫。用水计量器具对于水管理有三方面的作用，一是用于水资源管理，它是落实取水许可、监督用水计划的重要手段，二是用于环境保护，监测排污量；三是用于供用水的贸易结算，同时通过精确计量配合价格杠杆作用，促进用水户合理用水、节约用水。对水资源的利用从量的角度来看，农业用水占到了60%～70%，因此农业用水的管理对于水资源管理和节约用水来说具有重要意义。近十几年来，我国加强了对灌区节水改造力度，U形断面渠道由于水力条件优越、防渗效果好、耐冻胀、占地少、
8、工程量省等优点得到了大量推广，目前斗渠及斗渠以下渠道已经基本实现U形化。U形渠道专用量水设施也在灌区逐步推广。然而由于各方面的原因，灌区量水仍然存在一些问题。主要表现为：（1）缺乏统一的技术指导，精度难以保证，水价的杠杆作用难以发挥；
