聚合物转化法制备非晶碳包覆碳纳米管的-研究

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1、哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文AbstractLargespecificareamaterialsarewidelyusedinchemicalengineering,energyengineering,andenvironmentalengineering.Duetothemuchsmallerdiameterforthecarbonnanotubes(CNTs)thantheconventionalactivatedcarbonfibers,muchlargerspecificareawillbeachievedfortheCNTsifsimilarmicroholesar

2、egeneratedontheirsurface.However,becauseofthewellcrystallizedstructureandchemicalstability,theCNTsaredifficulttobeactivated.ThisstudyaimsatencapsulatingtheCNTswithalayerofamorphouscarbonbypolymerconversion,whichmakesitpossibletoprepareactivatedCNTs.Thisworkisofgreatimportanceforporousnanomat

3、erials.Inthisthesis,polyacrylonitrile(PAN)areusedasprecursorforsurfacecarbonlayer.Theoptimalprocesswasestablishedbyexperiments.X-rayDiffraction(XRD),ScanningElectronMicroscope(SEM),RamanspectroscopyandFourierTransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR)etc.areusedtocharacterizethestructureofthesample.

4、Thereactionmechanismforpreparingtheencapsulationlayerisdiscussed.Themaincontentsofthisthesisinclude:(1)Firstofall,weannealandtreatetheCNTswithhybridconcentratedacidtoimproveperformanceofdissolutionanddispersionofCNTsinthewater.WecharacterizesampleswithSEMandinfraredspectroscopy.Itisobservedt

5、hatdispersionanddissolutionoftheCNTsinwaterareimprovedgreatlymaybebecauseofthegenerationofthefunctionalgroupsafteracidtreatment.(2)ByusingXRDandSEMitisfoundthattheCNTsareencapsulatedwithpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)throughinsitupolymerization.TheeffectsofdifferentfactorsontheencapsulationofCNTsares

6、tudied,whichshowsthatthetemperatureplaysanimportantroleintheformationofpolymerencapsulationlayer.(3)Afterstabilizationandcarbonization,PANaretransformedintoamorphouscarbon.ThesampleswerecharacterizedbyXRD,SEMandRamanspectroscopy.ThepeakwidthincreasedfortheXRDandII哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文Ramanspectraa

7、ftertheformationofthesurfacecarbonlayer,whichconfirmstheformationoftheamorphouslayer.(4)TheSEMobservationindicatesthatthediameteroftheencapsulatedCNTsincreasesfor10-25nmorsoandthicknessofthesurfaceamorphouslayeris5-10nmorso.Thisworkprovidesasolidfo