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1、延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如:for2years,foralongtime;since从句,如:sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,如:sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong等。二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin(start),finish,come,go,move,
2、borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:twoyearsago;at5o'clock;eg:Hedied5yearsago.终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续,所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:for3years,sincehecamehere,howlong,ect.且看下面三个错误句子:1)Jimhascomehereforfiveyears.2)Hehasdiedfor3years.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词:studyl
3、earnsleeplivesingdanceswimdrinkteachkeep非延续性动词:buyborrowlenddieleavebegincome/go这些动词不能和howlong;for….since…连用要把它们变成其他相应的词.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(buy买了…)have/hashad…(borrow借了…)have/haskept…(start/begin开始了…)have/hasbeenon(leave离开了…
4、)have/hasbeenaway(from)..(来到某地/去某地….)have/hasbeenin…(die死了…)have/hasbeendeadfor…since….如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用,解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换1、用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词:borrow---keep,buy---have,become/come/go---be,catchacold---haveacold,opensth.---keepsth.open,puton--wear
5、,eg.Iboughtthebook5daysago.Ihavehadthebookfor5days.2、将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语begin/start---beon,finish---beover,join---bein+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构,gotoschool—beinschool,getto/arrive/reach/come/go/move---bein/at+sw.puton—beoneg.Hehasbeeninschoolfor9years.3、将终止性动词转换为be+名词jointhearmy—beasoldier,jo
6、intheLeague/Party—beaLeague/Partymembergotoschool—beastudenteg.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.4、用be+adj./adv.结构替换非延续性动词close/open—beclosed/open,come/goback/return---beback,comehere---behere,die---bedead,fallasleep---beasleep,fallill--- beill,finish/end/complete→
7、beover,gothere---bethere,go/leave---beaway(from),go(get)out→beout,getup---beup,marry→bemarried, move—beoutofeg.Theoldmandied4yearsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.5、去掉短语中的结束性动词begintostudy—study,cometowork=work,gettoknow---know,eg:Wehaveknowneachotherfor3years.6、用“Itis/Hasbeen+time+