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1、ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement(1911)byFrederickWinslowTaylor,M.E.,Sc.D.IntroductionChapterI:FundamentalsofScientificManagementChapterII:ThePrinciplesofScientificManagementINTRODUCTIONPresidentRoosevelt,inhisaddresstotheGovernorsattheWhiteHouse,propheticallyremarked
2、that"Theconservationofournationalresourcesisonlypreliminarytothelargerquestionofnationalefficiency."Thewholecountryatoncerecognizedtheimportanceofconservingourmaterialresourcesandalargemovementhasbeenstartedwhichwillbeeffectiveinaccomplishingthisobject.Asyet,however,weh
3、avebutvaguelyappreciatedtheimportanceof"thelargerquestionofincreasingournationalefficiency."Wecanseeourforestsvanishing,ourwater-powersgoingtowaste,oursoilbeingcarriedbyfloodsintothesea;andtheendofourcoalandourironisinsight.Butourlargerwastesofhumaneffort,whichgoonevery
4、daythroughsuchofouractsasareblundering,ill-directed,orinefficient,andwhichMrRooseveltreferstoasalackof"nationalefficiency,"arelessvisible,lesstangible,andarebutvaguelyappreciated.Wecanseeandfeelthewasteofmaterialthings.Awkward,inefficient,orill-directedmovementsofmen,ho
5、wever,leavenothingvisibleortangiblebehindthem.Theirappreciationcallsforanactofmemory,aneffortoftheimagination.Andforthisreason,eventhoughourdailylossfromthissourceisgreaterthanfromourwasteofmaterialthings,theonehasstirredusdeeply,whiletheotherhasmovedusbutlittle.Asyetth
6、erehasbeennopublicagitationfor"greaternationalefficiency,"nomeetingshavebeencalledtoconsiderhowthisistobebroughtabout.Andstilltherearesignsthattheneedforgreaterefficiencyiswidelyfelt.Thesearchforbetter,formorecompetentmen,fromthepresidentsofourgreatcompaniesdowntoourhou
7、seholdservants,wasnevermorevigorousthanitisnow.Andmorethaneverbeforeisthedemandforcompetentmeninexcessofthesupply.Whatwearealllookingfor,however,istheready-made,competentman;themanwhomsomeoneelsehastrained.Itisonlywhenwefullyrealizethatourduty,aswellasouropportunity,lie
8、sinsystematicallycooperatingtotrainandtomakethiscompetentman,insteadofinhuntingforamanwhomsomeoneelsehastraine
