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1、Adouble-slitquantumeraserS.P.Walborn1,M.O.TerraCunha1,2,S.P´adua1,andC.H.Monken11DepartamentodeF´ısica,UniversidadeFederaldeMinasGerais,CaixaPostal702,BeloHorizonte,MG30123-970,Brazil2DepartamentodeMatem´atica,UniversidadeFederaldeMinasGerais,CaixaPostal702,BeloHorizonte,MG30123-970,Brazil
2、(February1,2008)WereportaquantumeraserexperimentwhichactuallyusesaYoungdouble-slittocreateinter-ference.TheexperimentcanbeconsideredanopticalanalogyofanexperimentproposedbyScully,EnglertandWalther(SEW)[Nature351,111(1991)].OnephotonofanentangledpairisincidentonaYoungdouble-slitofappropriat
3、edimensionstocreateaninterferencepatterninadistantde-tectionregion.Quarter-waveplates,orientedsothattheirfastaxesareorthogonal,areplacedinfrontofeachslittoserveaswhich-pathmarkers.Thequarter-waveplatesmarkthepolarizationoftheinterferingphotonandthusdestroytheinterferencepattern.Torecoverin
4、terference,wemeasurethepolarizationoftheotherentangledphoton.Inaddition,weperformtheexperimentunder“delayederasure”circumstances.42.50.Ar,42.25.KbI.INTRODUCTIONWave-particleduality,amanifestationofthecomplementarityprinciple,proposesmanyquestionsaboutthebehav-iorofparticlesininterferometer
5、s.Ithaslongbeenknownthatwhich-pathinformationandvisibilityofinterferencefringesarecomplementaryquantities:anydistinguishabilitybetweenthepathsofaninterferometerdestroysthequal-ity(visibility)oftheinterferencefringes.Theincompatibilitybetweenwhich-pathinformationandinterferenceeffectshasbeen
6、quantifiedthroughinequalitiesbyvariousauthors[1–6].Originally,itwasthoughtthattheuncertaintyprin-ciplewasthemechanismresponsiblefortheabsenceofinterferencefringesduetoawhich-pathmeasurement.ThefirstandperhapsmostfamousexampleofthisideaistheEinstein-BohrdialogueattheFifthSolvayconferenceinBru
7、sselsconcerningEinstein’srecoilingdouble-slitgedankenexperiment,inwhichthemomentumtransferfromincidentparticlestothedouble-slitismeasuredtodeterminetheparticles’trajectories[7,8].However,Bohrshowedthattheuncertaintyintheknowledgeofthedouble-slit’sinitialpositi
