感觉身体被掏空这并非本时代独有

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1、感觉身体被掏空这并非本时代独有　　“I’msotired.”　　Wehearthiscomplaintallthetime.Thesedays，itseemseveryoneisexhausted.Everyoneisattheendoftheirrope1）.Everyoneneedssometimeoff.　　Indeed，53percentofAmericanworkersreportfeelingburntout.It’seasytoblamethisonmodernworkculture.Meanwhile，we’resp

2、endingmoreandmoretimeinfrontofourcomputerscreens，toourowndetriment2）：Recentresearchsaysemailscauseemotionalexhaustion.A2014studyfoundthatusingasmartphonebeforebedmadeworkersmoretiredandlessproductivethenextday.　　Exhaustioncanfeelliketheby-productofanewandmodernera，wher

3、eworkhasslithered3）pastthefourwallsoftheofficeorthethreewallsofthecubicleintothehome；whereemailsinvitethemselvesonourbeachvacations；wherethemediaconsistentlyremindsusofclimatechange，terrorism，andthechaoticpoliticalscene.　　Surely，itwasn’talwaysthisway？Therewasatimewhent

4、hesunandtheseasonsdictatedworkschedulesandinsteadofclockinginonSundaypeopleobserved4）theSabbath5），andeverythingwas11justso...simple.　　Right？　　Actually，asmuchaswe’dliketothinkthatourfeelingsofexhaustionareuniquetotoday，itturnsoutourancestorsweren’tmorerelaxedorlessworno

5、ut.“Atanypointinhistory，peoplehaveexperiencedexhaustionandtheorizeditinmanydifferentways，”saysAnnaKatharinaSchaffner，amedicalresearcherattheUniversityofKentandtheauthorofthenewbook，Exhaustion：AHistory，whichchroniclesthetrajectory6）ofexhaustiondiscourse.“Foreachera，exha

6、ustionwasthishybrid7）creature，whichwasnotonlyunderstoodthroughbiologicalandphysicalcontexts，butattimes，alsowrappedupinthesocialandpoliticalclimatesaswell.”　　Whatcouldbecomfortingtothefried，21st-centuryworkeristhatregardlessoftheepoch，regardlessofwhetherhumanswereliving

7、inagrariansocietiesorwerebystanderstoaworldthatwasmodernizingatanunprecedentedvelocity，peopleweretired.Reallytired.Buthowtheysoughttoexplaintheirwearinesschangedovertime.　　Thefirsttheoriesofexhaustionmaydatebacktothe2thcenturywhenGreekphysicianGalen8）toutedtheimportanc

8、eofbalancebetweenthefourbodily“humors9）”：blood，yellowbile10），black11bile，andphlegm11）.Whenanexcessofblackbile―thehumo