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1、J.Clarke,A.I.Braginski(Eds.)TheSQUIDHandbookVol.IFundamentalsandTechnologyofSQUIDsandSQUIDSystemsJ.Clarke,A.I.Braginski(Eds.)TheSQUIDHandbookVol.IJ.Clarke,A.I.Braginski(Eds.)TheSQUIDHandbookVol.IFundamentalsandTechnologyofSQUIDsandSQUIDSystemsEditors&Thisbookwascarefullyproduced.Nevertheless,edi
2、tors,authorsandpublisherdonotwarranttheProf.Dr.JohnClarkeinformationcontainedthereintobefreeoferrors.UniversityofCaliforniaReadersareadvisedtokeepinmindthatstatements,DepartmentofPhysicsdata,illustrations,proceduraldetailsorotheritems366LeConteHalmayinadvertentlybeinaccurate.Berkeley,CA94720-730
3、0LibraryofCongressCardNo.appliedforUSABritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataProf.Dr.AlexI.BraginskiAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheResearchCenterJülichBritishLibrary.ISG-2D-52425JülichBibliographicinformationpublishedbyGermanyDieDeutscheBibliothekDieDeutscheBibliothekliststhis
4、publicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataisavailableintheInternetat.2004WILEY-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA,WeinheimAllrightsreserved(includingthoseoftranslationintootherlanguages).Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform–nortransmittedortrans-latedintoma
5、chinelanguagewithoutwrittenpermis-sionfromthepublishers.Registerednames,trade-marks,etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennotspecificallymarkedassuch,arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw.PrintedintheFederalRepublicofGermany.Printedonacid-freepaper.TypesettingKühn&Weyh,SatzundMedien,FreiburgPrintingbetz-dru
6、ckGmbH,DarmstadtBookbindingGroßbuchbindereiJ.SchäfferGmbH&Co.KG,GrünstadtISBN3-527-40229-2VContentsPrefaceXI1Introduction11.1TheBeginning21.2SubsequentDevelopments51.3ThedcSQUID:AFirstLook71.4TherfSQUID:AFirstLook121.5CryogenicsandSystems161.6Instruments:Amplifiers,MagnetometersandGradiometers17
7、1.7Applications211.8ChallengesandPerspectives241.9Acknowledgment262SQUIDTheory292.1JosephsonJunctions302.1.1RCSJModel312.1.2ThermalNoise372.1.3The1/fNoise(I0,Rfluctuations)412.2TheoryofthedcSQUID432.2.1Introduction432.2.2Bas