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1、THEMATHEMATICALTHEORYOFNON-UNIFORMGASESANACCOUNTOFTHEKINETICTHEORYOFVISCOSITY,THERMALCONDUCTIONANDDIFFUSIONINGASESSYDNEYCHAPMAN,F.R.S.GeophysicalInstitute,College,AlaskaNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,Boulder,ColoradoANDT.G.COWLING,F.R.S.ProfessorofAppliedMathematicsLeedsUniversityTHIRDEDI
2、TIONPREPAREDINCO-OPERATIONWITHD.BURNETTCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSPublishedbythePressSyndicateoftheUniversityofCambridgeThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,CambridgeCB2IRP40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011-4211USA10StamfordRoad,Oakleigh,Melbourne3166,AustraliaCopyrightCambridgeUniversityPress1939,1932
3、©CambridgeUniversityPress1970Introduction©CambridgeUniversityPress1990Firstpublished1939Secondedition1932Thirdedition1970ReissuedasapaperbackwithaForewordbyCarloCerclgnanIintheCambridgeMathematicalLibrarySeries1990Reprinted1993ISBN032140844XpaperbackTransferredtodigitalprinting1999CONTENTSForew
4、ordpageviiPrefacexiiiNoteregardingreferencesxivChapterandsectiontitlesXVListofdiagramsXXListofsymbolsxxiIntroductionIChaptersI-IQ10-406HistoricalSummary407Nameindex4"Subjectindex415Referencestonumericaldataforparticulargases(simpleandmixed)4*3MFOREWORDTheatomictheoryofmatterassertsthatmaterialb
5、odiesaremadeupofsmallparticles.ThistheorywasfoundedinancienttimesbyDemocritusandexpressedinpoeticformbyLucretius.Thisviewwaschallengedbytheoppositetheory,accordingtowhichmatterisacontinuousexpanse.Asquantitativesciencedeveloped,thestudyofnaturebroughttolightmanypropertiesofbodieswhichappeartode
6、pendonthemagnitudeandmotionsoftheirultimateconstituents,andthequestionoftheexistenceofthesetiny,invisible,andimmutableparticlesbecameconspicuousamongscientificenquiries.Asearlyas1738DanielBernoulliadvancedtheideathatgasesareformedofelasticmoleculesrushinghitherandthitheratlargespeeds,collidinga
7、ndreboundingaccordingtothelawsofelementarymechanics.Thenewidea,withrespecttotheGreekphilosophers,wasthatthemechanicaleffectoftheimpactofthesemovingmolecules,whentheystrikeagainstasolid,iswhatiscommonlycalledthepressureofthegas.Inf
