文小刚清华短期凝聚态物理课程讲义

文小刚清华短期凝聚态物理课程讲义

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时间:2019-01-10

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2、ndensedmatterphysicsorphysicslargely nished?Haveweseenthebeginingoftheendofphysics?Xiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceHowtogainadeeperunderstandingofourrichworld?Xiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceDiscovery!Uni cation!Morediscovery!M

3、oreuni cation!...Eachuni cation=arevolutioninphysicsEachrevolutionintroducesnewmathematicallanguageintophysicsAdeeperunderstandingofnaturalphenomenaalwaysrequiresanewmathematicallanguageXiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceMechanicalrevolutionNewton(1687)uni edgr

4、avity(thefallingcowonearth)andastronomy(theplanetsmotionsinspace)obtainedlawsofmechanicalmotionandaquantitativetheoryofgravity.Newmath:CalculusXiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceElectromagneticrevolutionMaxwell(1861).uni edelectricity,magnetism,andlightobtaine

5、daquantitativeanddynamicaltheoryofelectromagnetism:theMaxwellequationE_c@B=B_+c@E=@B=@E=0:Newmath:Fiberbundle(gaugetheory).The rstcompassXiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceRelativityrevolution.Michelson-Morley(1887)Xiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatt

6、erandauni cationofforceRelativityrevolutionEinstein(1905,1916).uni edspaceandtime:thespecialrelativityMichelson-Morley(1887)Xiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatterandauni cationofforceRelativityrevolutionEinstein(1905,1916).uni edspaceandtime:thespecialrelativityuni edthepullbygravitya

7、ndthepull"feltinacceleratingframeobtainedadynamicaltheoryofgravity:theEinsteinequationR1g=8T2c4Newmath:Riemanniangeometry(curvedspace)Michelson-Morley(1887)BobAliceearthXiao-GangWenLoang-rangeentangledquantummatteranda

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