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1、Thisbookgivesanup-to-date,systematicaccountofthemicroscopictheoryofBose-condensedfluidsdevelopedsincethelate1950's.Incontrasttotheusualphenomenologicaldiscussionsofsuperfluid4He,thepresenttreatmentisbuiltonthepivotalroleoftheBosebrokensymmetryandaBosecondensate.Themany-bodyfo
2、rmalismisdevelopedwithemphasisontheone-andtwo-particleGreen'sfunctionsandtheirrelationtothedensity-responsefunction.TheseareallcoupledtogetherbytheBosebrokensymmetry,whichprovidesthebasisforunderstandingtheelementaryexcitationsandresponsefunctionsinthehydrodynamicandcollision
3、lessregions.Italsoexplainsthedifferencebetweenexcitationsinthesuperfluidandnormalphases.Thedistinctionbetweensingle-particleexcitationsandcollectivezerosoundmodes,andtheirhybridizationbytheBosecondensate,isacentralunifyingtheme.Throughout,anattemptismadetobringouttheessential
4、physicsbehindtheformalfield-theoreticanalysis.Adetaileddiscussionisgivenofrecenthigh-resolutionneutronandRamanscatteringdataoverawiderangeoftemperatures.Chapter4givesthefirstcriticalassessmentoftheexperimentalevidenceforaBosecondensateinliquid4He,basedonhigh-momentumneutron-s
5、catteringdata.Thisvolumewillactasastimulusandguidetoworkonexcitationsinsuperfluid4Heand3He-4Hemixturesoverthenextdecade.ItwillalsoleadtoagreaterunderstandingofthedynamicalimplicationsofBosecondensationinothercondensedmattersystems(high-temperaturesuperconductors,excitongases,
6、spin-polarizedhydrogen,etc.).ExcitationsinaBose-condensedliquidCAMBRIDGESTUDIESINLOWTEMPERATUREPHYSICSEDITORSA.M.GoldmanTateLaboratoryofPhysics,UniversityofMinnesotaP.V.E.McClintockDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofLancasterM.SpringfordDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofBristolCam
7、bridgeStudiesinLowTemperaturePhysicsisaninternationalserieswhichcontainsbooksatthegraduatetextlevelandaboveonallaspectsoflowtemperaturephysics.Thisincludesthestudyofcondensedstateheliumandhydrogen,condensedmatterphysicsstudiedatlowtemperatures,superconductivityandsuperconduct
8、ingmaterialsandtheirapplications.1D.S.BettsAnIntroductiontoMillikelv
