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ID:31414388
大小:115.00 KB
页数:8页
时间:2019-01-09
《牙刷和牙膏的前世今生》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、牙刷和牙膏的前世今生 HistoryofToothbrushes牙刷的历史 Toothbrushingtoolsdatebackto3500~3000BCwhentheBabyloniansandtheEgyptiansmadeabrushbyfraying1)theendofatwig.TombsoftheancientEgyptianshavebeenfoundcontainingtoothsticksalongsidetheirowners.Around1600BC,theChinesedeveloped"chewingsticks"tofreshenbreathwhic
2、hweremadefromaromatic2)treetwigs. TheChinesearebelievedtohaveinventedthefirstnaturalbristle3)toothbrushinthe15thcentury,madefromthebristlesfrompigs'necksattachedtoaboneorbamboohandle.WhenitwasbroughtfromChinatoEurope,thisdesignwasadaptedandoftenusedsofterhorsehairs,whichmanyEuropeanspreferred
3、.OtherdesignsinEuropeusedfeathers. ThefirsttoothbrushofamoremoderndesignwasmadebyWilliamAddisinEnglandaround1780―thehandlewascarvedfromcattleboneandthebrushportionwasstillmadefromswine4)bristles.In1844,thefirst3-rowbristlebrushwasdesigned. NaturalbristlesweretheonlysourceofbristlesuntilDuPon
4、t5)inventednylon.Theinventionofnylonstartedthedevelopmentof8thetrulymoderntoothbrushin1938,andbythe1950ssofternylonbristleswerebeingmade,aspeoplepreferredthese.Thefirstelectrictoothbrushwasmadein1939andthefirstelectrictoothbrushintheUSwastheBroxodentin1960. Today,bothmanualandelectrictoothbru
5、shescomeinmanyshapesandsizesandaretypicallymadeofplasticmoldedhandlesandnylonbristles.Themostrecenttoothbrushmodelsincludehandlesthatarestraight,angled,curved,andcontoured6)withgripsandsoftrubberareastomakethemeasiertoholdanduse.Toothbrushbristlesareusuallysynthetic7)andrangefromverysofttosoft
6、intexture8),althoughharderbristleversionsareavailable.Toothbrushheadsrangefromverysmallforyoungchildrentolargersizesforolderchildrenandadultsandcomeinavarietyofshapessuchasrectangular,oblong9),ovalandalmostround. ThebasicfundamentalshavenotchangedsincethetimesoftheEgyptiansandBabylonians―ahan
7、dletogrip,andabristle-likefeaturewithwhichtocleantheteeth.Overitslonghistory,thetoothbrushhasevolvedtobecomeascientificallydesignedtoolusingmodernergonomic10)designsandsafeandhygienicmaterials.8 刷牙工具的出现最早可以追溯到公元前3500~3000年,当时古巴比伦人和古埃及人
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