语言学简答题、分析题回答技巧

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1、1.Whatarethreecategoriesofantonyms?Complementaryantonyms互补,性反义(male—female;alive—dead);Gradableantonyms可分等级的反义词(rich一poor;old~young);Relationalantonyms关系反义词(husband一wife;father—son)2.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds?Orthographicallyacompoun

2、dcanbewrittenasoneword,twoseparatewordswithorwithoutahypheninbetween.Syntactically,thepartofspeechofacompoundisdeterminedbythelastelement.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisidiomatic,notcalculablefromthemeaningsofallitscomponents.Phonetically,theword

3、stressofacompoundusuallyfallsonthefirstelement.3.Whatisthecooperativeprincipleanditsfourmaxims?Cooperativeprinciple:Makeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasrequiredatthestageatwhichitoccursbytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouaree

4、ngaged.Itsfourmaximsarethemaximofquality,themaximofquantity,themaximofrelevanceandthemaximofmanne匚4.Whatarethecausesoflanguagechange?Giveexamplesforillustration.1.Developmentofscienceandtechnology(hovercraft;CD-ROM)2.Socialandpoliticalchangesandneeds(

5、hotline;junglewar)3.Morewomentakingupmen^jobs(former:fireman;chairmannew:firefighter;chairperson)4.Thewaychildrenacquirealanguage(It，sLIt，sme.)5.Theresultofeconomyofmemory(dog一dogs;cow—cows)6.Regularizationofexceptionalplurals(dwarfs一dwarfs(moreoftent

6、handwarves))7.Theresultof"theoryofleasteffort^(Cathygotitcheap.Cathygotitcheaply.)&Others5.AfterWorldWarII,neologisms(newwordsornewmeaningsforestablishedwords)sweptinatanyratemuchfasterthanthatofthepre-warperiod.Pleaseillustratethemainreasonsforthefre

7、quentappearanceofneologisms.Themainreasonsforthefrequentappearanceofneologismsarethree:1.Markedprogressofscienceandtechnology(e.g.overkill;fall-out);2.Socio-economic,politicalandculturalchanges(e.g.gay;spokeswoman);3.Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlang

8、uages(e.g.karaoke)6.Whydoyouthinkspeechismorebasicthanwriting?Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasthenaturalortheprimarymediumofhumanlanguageforsomeobviousreasons.Speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintheamountofinformationconveyed・Speech