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1、PHILOSOPHICALINVESTIGATIONSByLUDWIGWITTGENSTEINTranslatedbyG.E.M.ANSCOMBEBASILBLACKWELLTRANSLATOR'SNOTECopyright©BasilBlackwellLtd1958MYacknowledgmentsareduetothefollowing,whoeithercheckedFirstpublished1953thetranslationorallowedmetoconsultthemaboutGermanandSeco
2、ndedition1958ReprintofEnglishtextalone1963AustrianusageorreadthetranslationthroughandhelpedmetoThirdeditionofEnglishandGermantextwithindex1967improvetheEnglish:Mr.R.Rhees,ProfessorG.H.vonWright,ReprintofEnglishtextwithindex1968,1972,1974,1976,1978,Mr.P.Geach,Mr.
3、G.Kreisel,MissL.Labowsky,Mr.D.Paul,MissI.1981,1986Murdoch.BasilBlackwellLtd108CowleyRoad,Oxford,OX41JF,UKAllrightsreserved.Exceptforthequotationofshortpassagesforthepurposesofcriticismandreview,nopartofthispublicationmaybeNOTETOSECONDEDITIONreproduced,storedinar
4、etrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorTHEtexthasbeenrevisedforthenewedition.Alargenumberofotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.smallchangeshavebeenmadeintheEnglishtext.Thefollowingpassagesha
5、vebeensignificantlyaltered:ExceptintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,thisbookissoldtotheInPartI:§§108,109,116,189,193,251,284,352,360,393,418,conditionthatitshallnot,bywayoftradeorotherwise,belent,re-426,442,456,493,520,556,582,591,644,690,692.sold,hiredout,orotherwiseci
6、rculatedwithoutthepublisher'spriorInPartU:pp.1936,2iie,2i6e,2176,2206,2326.consentinanyformofbindingorcoverotherthanthatinwhichitispublishedandwithoutasimilarconditionincludingthisconditionbeingimposedonthesubsequentpurchaser.ThetextoftheThirdEditionremainsunalt
7、ered,butanindexhasBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDatabeenadded.Wittgenstein,LudwigPhilosophicalinvestigations.—3rded.1.Logic2.Analysis(Philosophy)I.Title160B3376.W563P53ISBN0-631-11900-0ISBN0-631-14670-9PbkPrintedinGreatBritainEDITORS'NOTEPREFACEWHATappea
8、rsasPartIofthisvolumewascompleteby1945.PartIITHEthoughtswhichIpublishinwhatfollowsaretheprecipitateofwaswrittenbetween1946and1949.IfWittgensteinhadpublishedhisphiloso
