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1、TWC老化特性数值仿真及优化研究摘要目前,汽车已经成为人们生活中重耍的交通工具。为了控制汽车的尾气排放污染,保护人类赖以生存的大气环境,世界各国纷纷采取严格的汽车排放标准,针对汽车污染研发了各种技术措施和控制对策,其屮汽油机三效催化转化技术是目前应用最多的净化技术。本文对三效催化转化器的基本结构及其工作原理进行了简要介绍,并分三效催化转化器的老化机理,对三效催化剂的失活机理做了进一步的阐述。运用采用FLUENT软件,按照快速老化条件进行求解,通过数值模拟,得出三效催化转化器的温度场以及氧浓度场的分布情况,结果表明老化时间对老化具有较大影响,三效催化转
2、化器特征转化效率随着老化时间的增加而降低,并且在老化初期下降急剧,随着老化时间的增加特征转化效率的下降变缓。三效催化转化器起燃温度相比老化前要高出60°C左右,起燃特性恶化,引起低速运转时排放量的大量增加。关键词:三效催化转化器;老化;反应机理;数值仿真AbstractAtpresent,thecarhasbecomeanimportanttraffictoolinpeople'slives.Inordertocontrolautomobileexhaustpollution,protecthumansurvivalenvironment,count
3、riesaroundtheworldhavetakenstringentvehicleemissionstandards,developedfortheautomobilepollutionoftechnicalmeasuresandcontrolmeasures,thegasolineenginethree-waycatalyticconversiontechnologyiscurrentlythelargestapplicationofpurificationtechnology.Thebasicstructureofthethree-wayca
4、talyticconverteranditsworkingprinciplewerebrieflyintroduced,theagingmechanismofandthree-waycatalyticconverter,ofthree-waycatalystdeactivationmechanismfurtherelaboration.UsingFLUENTsoftware,accordingtorapidagingconditionsissolved,throughnumericalsimulation,thethree-waycatalyticc
5、onvertertemperaturefieldandoxygenconcentrationfielddistributionisobtained,andtheresultsshowthatagingtimeonaginghasagreaterimpact,characteristicsofthree-waycatalyticconverterconversionefficiencyratedecreasedwiththeincreasingofagingtimeandduringtheearlyagingdecreasedsharply,witht
6、heagingtimeincreasedfeatureconversionefficiencydecreasedslowly.Thethree-waycatalyticconverterignitiontemperaturecomparedbeforeagingtoabout60DEGC,ignitionperformancedeterioration,causedbylowspeedwhenemissionsofasubstantialincreasein.Keywords:Thethreewaycatalyticconverter;aging;r
7、eactionmechanism;numericalsimulation目录摘要IAbstractII1前言12TWC老化机理研究22」TWC的结构及工作原理22.1.1三效催化转化器的结构22.1.2三效催化转化器工作原理32.2TWC的老化机理42.2.1高温热失活42.2.2化学中毒62.2.3结焦92.2.4机械损伤92.3催化剂的失活机理102.3.1非选择性失活102.3.2选择性失活103TWC快速老化过程数值模拟与仿真123」快速老化过程数值仿真的整体步骤123.2TWC快速老化数值仿真143.2.1几何模型143.2.2模型求解15
8、3.3仿真结果及分析173.3.1温度及氧浓度173.3.2催化剂相对活性193.3.3老化前后性能指标20