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1、troublewiththeheroJordan,yetheisamaincharacterashiswifePilaris.Minorcharactersarethoseinremoteandstaticrelationwiththehero.Itiswrongtothinkthatminorcharactersareallunimportant.Insomenovels,oneorsomeoftheminorcharactersmayserveacriticalrole,structurallyorinterpretationally. Foilch
2、aractersareonesthathelpenhancetheintensityoftheherobystrengtheningor contrasting.Theymaybemaincharactersorminorcharacters.Inaword,theyserveasfoilstotheheroorheroine.CohninTheSunAlsoRisesisagoodexample.Heisoneofthemaincharacters.LikeJake,heisalso“lost,”tryingvainlytoescapethepastb
3、ycourtingwomenanddrinking.ButduringtheirstayinSpain,CohndisplaysqualitiesincontrasttothosecherishedbyJake,whichmakesJakerealizehisownproblemsandfinallyfindasolution,thoughtemporarily.Cohnworksmainlybycontrast.WilsoninTheGreatGatsbyworksbypresenting.GatsbylosthislovertoTomandWilso
4、nlosthiswifetoTom.BypresentingWilson’scasethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader. Bythedegreeoftheirdevelopment,characterscanbegrou
5、pedasroundcharactersand flatcharacters.ThisdivisionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedaccesstotheinnerlifeoftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutma
6、nysidesoftheroundcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“closed”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspiritually. ChapterThreeTheme AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftra
7、gedy.Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneralcategoryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwegenerallytranslateinto“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”orshapi
8、ngprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistp
