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1、MathematicalMethodsforEngineersandScientists3K.T.TangMathematicalMethodsforEngineersandScientists3FourierAnalysis,PartialDifferentialEquationsandVariationalMethodsWith79Figuresand4Tables123ProfessorDr.Kwong-TinTangPacificLutheranUniversityDepartmentofPhysicsTacoma,WA9
2、8447,USAE-mail:tangka@plu.eduLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2006932619ISBN-103-540-44695-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkISBN-13978-3-540-44695-8SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconce
3、rned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broad-casting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,
4、1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia.springer.com©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2007Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,regi
5、sterednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantpro-tectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.ATypesettingbytheauthorandSPiusingaSpringerLTEXmacropackageCoverdesign:eStudio
6、CalamarSteinenPrintedonacid-freepaperSPIN1158097357/3100/SPi543210PrefaceForsome30years,Ihavetaughttwo“MathematicalPhysics”courses.Oneofthemwaspreviouslynamed“EngineeringAnalysis.”Thereareseveraltext-booksofunquestionablemeritforsuchcourses,butIcouldnotfindonethatfitte
7、dourneeds.Itseemedtomethatstudentsmighthaveaneasiertimeifsomechangesweremadeinthesebooks.Iendedupusingclassnotes.Ac-tually,Ifeltthesameaboutmyownnotes,sotheygotchangedagainandagain.Throughouttheyears,manystudentsandcolleagueshaveurgedmetopublishthem.Iresisteduntilnow
8、,becausethetopicswerenotnewandIwasnotsurethatmywayofpresentingthemwasreallymuchbetterthanothers.Inrecentyears,someformerstudentscam
