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1、TheStructureofGermanThispageintentionallyleftblankTheStructureofGermanSecondEditionANTHONYFOX13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.IffurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublish
2、ingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithoYcesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandTh
3、ailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYorkßAnthonyFox1990,2005ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Fir
4、steditionpublished1990ReprintedninetimesSecondeditionpublished2005Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orunde
5、rtermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissameconditiono
6、nanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn0–19–925413–3978–0–19–925413–20–19–927399–5(
7、Pbk.)978–0–19–927399–7(Pbk.)13579108642ContentsPrefacetotheSecondEditionixPrefacetotheFirstEditionxi1Introduction1LanguageandLinguistics2LinguisticTheories6TheStructureofLanguage10TheDescriptionofGerman13Universals13Idealization14‘Hochdeutsch’15SocialandStylisticVariation18Fu
8、rtherReading20ExercisesandDiscussionQuestions212Phonology22Introduct