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自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书目录1.目录32.历年真题32.1全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案42.2全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案152.3全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案262.4全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案402.5全国2012年01月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案523.相关课程6059 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书1.目录历年真题() 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案() 全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案() 全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案() 全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案() 全国2012年01月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案()相关课程()2.历年真题59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书2.1全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题除外，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。PARTONEⅠ.Directions:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)AB1.inexhaustibleA.thatcanbefeltbytouch2.evaporateB.thatcannotbeusedup3.extrapolateC.anger4.boomD.showingalimitlesseagernessforsomething5.rageE.guessfromknownfacts6.tangibleF.changeintosteamanddisappear7.lamentG.everytwoyears8.voraciousH.rapidgrowthorincrease9.biannualI.expresssorrowfor10.docileJ.easilymanagedorcontrolled1.B2.F3.E4.H5.C6.A7.I8.D9.G10.JⅡ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully,andchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)11.Whyistherecurrentlysomuchinterestinmicrocomputers?[A]regularly[B]immediately[C]resolutely[D]presently12.Themachineisactivatedbyasmallsetofwordswitheveryaccuratelydefinedmeanings.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[A]pushedforward[B]settowork[C]stopped[D]prevented13.Someofthestudentsinthisclassseemreluctanttohelpthosewhohavedifficultiesintheirstudies.[A]willing[B]indifferent[C]unwilling[D]active14.Huntershavealmostexterminatedmanyofthelargeranimalslikethebighornsheepandthegrizzlybear.[A]increasedgradually[B]developedfully[C]decreasedslowly[D]destroyedcompletely15.Duringthesubsequentlullinhunting,thesealpopulationmadeagood,althoughtemporary,recovery.[A]silence[B]pause[C]variety[D]activity16.Forecastershavetotakeintoaccountabroaddiversityofthemes.[A]refuse[B]consider[C]command[D]follow17.Amanisinhisbestshapeinthedecadebeforeage25.[A]healthiest[B]mosthonest[C]mosthandsome[D]strongest18.ItshouldbeborneinmindthatwearedestroyingpartoftheCreation.[A]determined[B]givenastrongdesire[C]continued[D]remembered19.Morepeoplereportthatthey“fell”onthevergeofanervousbreakdown.[A]ontopof[B]insteadof[C]verycloseto[D]onbehalfof20.Pesticideshavealsotakenatollofanimalsandbirds.[A]playedanimportantpartinincreasingthenumberofanimalsandbirds59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[B]nurturedanimalsandbirds[C]causeddeathsandinjuriestoanimalsandbirds[D]threatenedtheexistenceofanimalsandbirdsⅢ.Directions:SkimPassage1andreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.WritethecorrespondinganswersonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)Passage21.pointsoutthedifferencesof(1)22.abusinessorcompany(1)23.decide(2)24.recognize(2)25.tellpeoplepubliclyaboutaproductorserviceinordertopersuadethemtobuyit(3)26.keepsomeoneorsomethingsafe(4)27.permissiontodosomething(5)28.makesomeonebelievesomethingthatisnottrueinordertogetwhatyouwant(5)29.anofficialwrittenstatementgivingyoutherighttodosomething(6)30.promisesthatsomethingwillcertainlyhappenorbedone(6)21.distinguishes22.firm23.determine24.identify25.advertise26.protect27.consent28.deceive29.permit30.GuaranteesPassage11.Atrademarkidentifiesanddistinguishestheproductsofonebusinessfirmfromthoseofanother.Itmayincludeaword,asentence,asymbol,apicture,oranycombinationofthese.Trademarksmustbeattacheddirectlytotheproduct.Manytrademarkscontainthenameofthebusiness.Butmanufacturersoftenusesomewordstodescribethequalitiesoftheowneroftheproduct,ormakeupaword.Thespokenpartofatrademarkiscalledthebrandname.2.Trademarksprovideasimplewayforpeopletodeterminewhoisresponsibleforaparticularitem.Theyalsohelppeopleidentifythequalitiesoftheproduct.3.Servicemarksalsoidentifygoodsandservices.Theydonothavetobeattachedtoaproduct.Companiesthatprovideservicestothepublic,suchastransportationcompanies,usethesemarkstoadvertisetheirservices.Forexample,abluesignwithabell,thesymboloftheAmericanTelephone59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书andTelegraphCompany,tellseverypasserbythatapublictelephoneisavailableforuse.4.Lawstoprotecttherightsofthetrademarkownerweredevelopedintheearly1800's.Mostcountriesnowprovideforregulationandregistrationoftrademarks.Animportantprotectionfortrademarkrightsisfederalregistration.In1905,theUSCongresspassedthefirstfederallawontrademarkregistrationtobeheldconstitutional.5.ApersonwishingtoregisteratrademarksubmitshisapplicationtotheUnitedStatesGovernmentPatentOffice.ThePatentOfficemayrefusetoregisteratrademarkifitcontains(1)immoral,misleading,orscandalousmaterial;(2)theflag,oranyotherofficialinsigniaoftheUnitedStates,astate,amunicipality,oranothercountry;(3)thename,picture,orsignatureofanylivingpersonwithouthisorherwrittenconsent;(4)amarkornamethatisnowinuseintheUnitedStates,ifitmightconfuseordeceivepurchasers.6.IftheGovernmentacceptsthetrademark,itissuesapermit.Thispermitguaranteesaperson'srighttousethetrademarkfortwentyyears.Itmayberenewedevery20years.Ifatrademarkownerstopsusingthemarkforaperiodoftwoyears,helosestherighttoexclusiveuseofthatmark.SECTION2READINGCOMPREHENSION(40points)Ⅳ.Directions:ReadPassages2and3andchoosethecorrectanswer.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointforeach)Passage21.Whathappenswhenwelookatsomething??Beamsoflightofdifferentdegreesofintensity,reflectedfromallpartsoftheobject,strikethelens(晶状体)oftheeye.Thelensthengatherstogetherthespotsoflightfromthesebeamsandfocusesthemontoalight-sensitiveplate?theretina(视网膜)?atthebackofapatternoflights.2.Theretinacontainsmillionsofminutelight-sensitiveelements,eachofwhichisseparatelyconnectedtothebrainbyatinyfibreintheopticnerve.Thesenervefibres,workingindependently,pickoutminutedetailsfromtheimageontheretinaandturnthesmallspotsoflightintonerveimpulses(脉冲)ofdifferentstrengths.Theythentransmittheseimpulsestothebrain.Theydothisallthesametime.3.Allthedetailsoftheimagearefedtothebrain,and,aswehavetaughtourbraintoaddthemtogethercorrectly,weseeaclearpictureoftheobjectasawhole.4.Television,whichmeansvisionatadistance,operatesonasimilarprinciple.Atelevisionpictureisbuiltupinthousandsofseparateparts.5.Beamsoflightreflectedfromthesubjectbeingtelevisedstrikethelensofthetelevisioncamera,whichcorrespondstothelensoftheeye.Thecameralensgatherstogetherthespotsoflightfromthesebeamsandfocusesanimageofthesubjectontoaplate,thesurfaceofwhichiscoatedwithmillionsofphoto-electricelementssensitivetolight.6.Thespotsoflightformingtheimageontheplatecannotbetransmittedaslight.Sotheyaretemporarilyconvertedbyanelectronicdeviceintomillionsofelectricalimpulses;thatis,intochargesofelectricity.7.Theseelectricalimpulsesarethensentthroughspaceonawirelesswavetothehomesoftheviewers.Theyarepickedupbytheaerialsandconveyedtothereceivers?tothetelevisionsets.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书There,theyarefinallyconvertedbackintothespotsoflightthatmakeupthepictureonthetelevisionscreen.31.Alltheraysoflightreflectedfromobjectsareofvaryingintensity.32.Theretinaatthebackoftheeyeballisalight-sensitiveplate.33.Animageoftheobjectisfocusedonthebrainintheformofapatternoflights.34.Thenervefibresconnectingthelight-sensitiveelementstothebrainworkindependently.35.Thenervefibrestransmitthesmallspotsoflightdirectlytothebrain.36.Thelensofthetelevisioncameraisjustlikethelensoftheeyewhenbeamsoflightarereflectedfromthesubjectbeingtelevised.37.Acameralensfocusesanimageontothesurfaceofaplatewhichiscoveredwithmillionsoflight-sensitiveelements.38.TVstationsendspicturestotelevisionsetsthroughthespotsoflight.39.Thespotsoflightformingtheimageontheplateinatelevisioncameraareconvertedintopictures.40.Atelevisionsetisatransmitter.31.T32.T33.F34.T35.F36.T37.T38.F39.F40.FⅤ.Directions:ReadPassages3and4andchoosethecorrectanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointforeach)Passage31.Ofallthefoodsweknow,fruitisoneofthemosthealthful.Itisalsooneofthemosttastyfoods.Almosteveryoneenjoysfruit.Fruitisgrowninalmosteverypartoftheworld.Therearehundredsofdifferentkindsoffruits.Andtherearethousandsofdifferentvarieties.IntheUnitedStatesalone,thereareseveralhundredtypesofapples.2.Ingeneralthough,therearethreeseparategroups.Therearetropicalfruits.Thesearemostimportant.Inthisgroup,wehavebananasandpineapples.Theyareshippedfromtropicalcountriesandareeatenallovertheworld.3.Nextcomethesubtropicalfruits.Themostimportantofthesearethecitrusfruits.Oranges,tangerines,limes,andgrapefruitarefavorites.Otherfruitsinthisclassarefigs,dates,andolives.4.Thelastgroupcomesfromthetemperatezone.Inthisgrouparepears,apples,grapes,andplums.Manykindsofberriesfitthisgroup,too.5.Fruitsareveryimportanttothehumandiet.Besidesbeingtasty,theyprovideimportantacids,salts,andvitamins.Also,theyareeasytodigest.Nutritionexpertssaythatthemorefruitpeopleeat,59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书thehealthiertheybecome.6.Downthroughthecenturiesfruithasplayedapartintalesandhistory.InaGreekmyth,HerculessentAtlastopick“goldenapples”topayforacrime.Todaywebelievethesegoldenappleswereoranges.Duringthe1700's,Britishshipsbegantocarrylimes.Itwasfoundthatsailorswhodrankthelimejuicedidnotgetsick.Sincethattime,Britishsailorshavebeencalled“limeys.”7.Thepeachalsohasanexcitinghistory.Ithasbeenaworldtraveler.Itsjourneybeganmany,manycenturiesago.PeacheswerefirstgrowninChina.FromChina,tradersoflongagocarriedpeachtreestoPersia.Fromthere,AlexanderGreatbroughtthefruittoEurope.FromEurope,SpanishshipscarriedpeachestotheNewWorld.8.Throughtheyears,fruittreesandplantshavebeenimproved.Today'sfruitsarebigger.Theyalsotastebetter.Differentkindsoffruitsareoftenbeingbred.Wenowhavefruitthatcantraveltoallpartsoftheworldandstillstayfresh.Evenaftertravelingforsometime,thesenewfruitskeepthevitaminsandmineralsthataresogoodforourdiet.Fruitwillalwaysbeprizedasabasicfoodthatnowcanbeenjoyedthewholeyearround.41.Ofallthefoodsweknow,fruitisoneofthemost______________.[A]colorful[B]healthful[C]delicious[D]BandC42.Accordingtoparagraphs1and2,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?[A]Mostpeopleenjoyeatingfruit.[B]Fruitcanbegrownalmostallovertheworld.[C]Therearetensofthousandsofdifferentkindsoffruits.[D]Therearethreegroupsoffruits.43.Pineapplesaregrownin_____________climate.[A]coldanddry[B]hotandhumid[C]snowyandwet[D]midanddry44.Amongthefollowing,_____________belongtocitrusfruits.[A]tangerines[B]pineapplesGreatbroughtthefruittoEurope.FromEurope,SpanishshipscarriedpeachestotheNewWorld.[C]grapes[D]apples45.Strawberriesprobablybelongto__________.[A]tropicalfruits[B]subtropicalfruits[C]temperatefruits[D]noneoftheabove46.Fruitsarepopularbecausetheyareeasyto__________.[A]plant[B]digest[C]serve59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[D]taste47.Britishsailorshavebeencalled“limeys”becauseatonetimethey___________.[A]dranklimejuice[B]livedonlyonlimes[C]refusedtoshiplimes[D]likedlimesbetterthananyotherfruits48.Thispassagedoesnotmentionthestoryabout___________.[A]oranges[B]limes[C]peaches[D]bananas49.Accordingtothispassage,today'sfruits______________,[A]likealotofrain[B]needalotoffertilizer[C]remainthesameinsizeandtaste[D]canstayfreshforalongtime50.InParagraph8,theword“prized”isclosestinmeaningto__________.[A]awarded[B]picked[C]valuedhighly[D]welcomedⅤ.Directions:Passage4istakenfromtheTEXTBOOK.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)Passage41.Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistsenvisionthewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.2.Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists'predictions,theoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.3.Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenryPoincaresaid:“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.”4.Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,scientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书5.Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist'sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesobservationstotesthypotheses.Forwithouthypotheses,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.51.Theword“related”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto__________.[A]connected[B]described[C]completed[D]identified52.Theword“this”inParagraph1refersto_____________.[A]agoodexample[B]animaginarymodel[C]thekineticmoleculartheory[D]anobservedevent53.WhatisNOTtrueaboutatheory?[A]Ausefultheorycanexplainpastobservations.[B]Ausefultheoryhelpstomakepredictions.[C]Atheoryisthetruththatdoesnotneedtobetested.[D]Atheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejectedsometimes.54.Theword“supported”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_________.[A]finished[B]adjusted[C]investigated[D]upheld55.Scienceinvolves___________.[A]imaginationandcreativethinking[B]collectinginformation[C]performingexperiments[D]alloftheabove56.ThekeypointofthequotationfromJulesHenryPincareisthat__________,[A]factsarethemostimportantthings[B]buildingahouseislikeperformingexperiments[C]scienceismorethanacollectionoffacts[D]apileofbrickscannotbecalledahouse57.InParagraph4,theauthorimpliesthatimaginationismostimportanttoscientistswhenthey___________.[A]evaluatepreviousworkonaproblem[B]formulatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem[C]gatherknownfacts[D]closeaninvestigation58.Hypothesesare_____________.[A]knownfacts[B]investigations[C]imaginations59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[D]possiblesolutions59.InParagraph5,theauthorreferstoahypothesisas“aleapintotheunknown”inordertoshowthathypotheses_________.[A]gobeyondavailablefacts[B]aresometimesill-conceived[C]canleadtodangerousresults[D]requireeffortstoformulate60.InParagraph5,bysaying“whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories”,theauthormeansthat_____________.[A]whenhypothesesaretested,theybecomeapartofknowntheories[B]whenhypothesesareprovedtobecorrect,theybecometheories[C]whenobservationsaretested,hypothesesareconnectedwiththeories[D]whenexperimentsareprovedtobecorrect,hypothesesareunitedwiththeoriesⅥ.Directions:Passage5istakenfromtheTEXTBOOK.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.BlackenthecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)Passage51.Everyyear100millionholiday-makersaredrawntotheMediterranean.Withone-thirdoftheworld'stouristtrade,itisthemostpopularofalltheholidaydestinations:itisalsothemostpolluted.2.Ithasonly1percentoftheworld'sseasurface,butcarriesmorethanhalftheoilandtarfloatingonthewaters.ThousandsoffactoriespourtheirpoisonintotheMediterranean,andalmosteverycity,townandvillageonthecoastsluicesitssewage,untreated,intothesea.3.TheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilisations,isgravelyill?thefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedaroundit.Andthepollutiondoesnotmerelystiflethelifeofthesea?itthreatensthepeoplewhoinhabitandvisititsshores.4.Typhoid,paratyphoid,dysentery,polio,viralhepatitisandfoodpoisoningareendemicinthearea,andthereareperiodicoutbreaksofcholera.5.Themournfullitanyofdiseaseiscausedbysewage.Eighty-fivepercentofthewastefromtheMediterranean's120coastalcitiesispushedoutintothewaterswheretheirpeopleandvisitorsbatheandfish.Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore.6.Lessthan100,000ofGreece'sfourmillioncoastalpeoplehavetheirsewageproperlytreated?andGreece,asourmapshows,isoneofthecleanercountriesofthenorthernshore.7.TheworstpartsoftheseaaretheIsraeli/LebanoncoastandbetweenBarcelonaandGenoa,whichflushesoutover200tonsofsewageeachyearforeverymileofitslength.8.Notsurprisingly,vastareasoftheshallowsareawashwithbacteriaanditdoesn'ttakelongforthesetoreachpeople.ProfessorWilliamBrumfittoftheRoyalFreeHospitaloncecalculatedthatanyonewhogoesforaswimintheMediterraneanhasaoneinsevenchanceofgettingsomesortofdisease.Otherscientistssaythisisanoverestimate,butalmostallofthemagreethatbathersareatrisk.9.Anevengreaterdangerlurksintheseductiveseafooddishesthataddsomuchinteresttoholidaymenus.Shellfishareprimecarriersofmanyofthemostviciousdiseasesofthearea.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书10.Theyoftengrowamidpollution.Andeveniftheydon'ttheyarefrequentlyinfectedbythepopularpracticeof‘fresheningthemup’?throwingfilthywaterovertheminmarkets.Industryaddsitsownpoisons.Factoriesclusterroundthecoastline,andeventhemostmodernrarelyhasproperwaste-treatmentplant.Theydoasmuchdamagetotheseaassewage.12.FifteenthousandfactoriesfoultheItalianLigurianRiviera.SixtythousandpollutetheTyrrhenianSeabetweenSardinia,SicilyandthewestItaliancoast!ThelagoonofVenicealonereceivestheeffluentsof76factories.13.Morefilthcomeswashingdowntheriversfromindustriesfarinland.ThePoandtheRhonearethedirtiest,followedbytheEbroandtheLlobregatinSpain,bytheAdigeandtheTiberinItaly,andbytheNile.14.Thousandsoftonsofpesticidesareblownoffthefieldsintothesea,detergentsfrommillionsofsinkskillfish,andfertilizers,flushedouttothesea,nourishexplosionsofplanktonwhichcoverbatherswithitchyslime.15.Thenthereistheoil?350,000tonspouringeachyearfromships,115,000tonsmorefromindustriesroundtheshore.RecentstudiesshowthattheMediterraneanisfourtimesaspollutedbyoilasthenorthAtlantic,40timesasbadasthenorth-eastPacific.16.Apartfromthenine-mile-wideStraitofGibraltar,theMediterraneanislandlocked,virtuallyunabletocleanseitself.Ittakes80yearsforthewatertoberenewed,throughthenarrow,shallowstraits,fartooslowaprocesstocopewiththeremorselessrushofpollution.17.Weakcoastalcurrentskeepsewageandindustrialwasteclosetotheshoreandgentlyspinfloatingoilandtartowardsthebeaches.Andthesea'sfeebletidescandolittletohelpremoveit.18.Ofcourse,thepeopleoftheMediterraneanhavealwaysusedtheseafortheirwastes.ThecanalsofVenice,thewatersoftheBosphorousandtheseaofftheNileDeltahavebeenhealthhazardsforcenturies.19.Butthepopulationhasincreasedroundtheshoresto100millionandafurther100milliontouristscomeannually.ThepopulationoftheFrenchandItalianRivierastrebleseverysummer.20.Threetouristsvisitthenorthernshoreeveryyearforeveryyardofbeach.Withthenumbersofholiday-makersexpectedtodoublein20years,itishardforeventhebesttreatmentplantstocope.21.ThegoodnewsisthatthecountriesoftheMediterraneanhavebeencomingtogethertoworkouthowtosavetheircommonsea.22.Butitwillbealongtimebeforethemeasurestheyapprovedtakeeffectincleaningupthesea.61.ThepoisonfactoriespourintotheMediterraneanbringsaboutthefollowingresultsexceptthat____________.[A]diseasesarespreadinthearea[B]pollutionstiflesthelifeofthesea[C]theseastillnurturescivilisations[D]pollutionthreatensthepeoplewhoinhabitandvisittheplace62.IntermsofdiseasescausedbythepollutionoftheMediterranean,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?[A]Typhoidandpolio.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[B]Paratyphoidanddysentery.[C]Measlesandtuberculosis.[D]Foodpoisoningandviralhepatitis.63.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthat_____________.[A]manydiseasesinthisareaarebroughtaboutbyimproperlytreatedsewage[B]peopleandvisitorsstillbatheandfishintheseathoughthewaterispolluted[C]mostcitiesdroptheirsewagebesidethesea[D]placeslikeCannesandTelAvivdon'tpipetheirsewageintothesea64.AccordingtoParagraphs5,6and7,whichofthefollowingistrue?[A]IfamanswimsandbathesinthewatersneartheIsraeli/Lebanoncoast,heislikelytogetsomesortofdisease.[B]IfamanswimsandbathesinthewatersnearGreece,heismorelikelytogetonesortofdisease.[C]IfamanswimsandbathesinthewatersnearCannes,heisleastlikelytogetdiseases.[D]IfamanswimsandbathesintheMediterranean,heisunlikelytogetdiseases.65.WhataretheprimecarriersofthemostviciousdiseasesoftheMediterranean?[A]Peoplewhoswimandbatheinthewaters.[B]Peoplewhoinhabitandvisittheshores.[C]Shellfishthatliveinthewaters.[D]Planktonthatliveinthewaters.66.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotpollutetheMediterranean?[A]Sewage.[B]Pesticides.[C]Oil.[D]Softwater.67.ItisimpliedinParagraph15that_________.[A]thenorth-eastPacificispollutedtoagreaterextentthanthenorthAtlanticbyoil[B]thenorthAtlanticispollutedtoagreaterextentthanthenorth-eastPacificbyoil[C]350,000tonsofoilispouredintotheseaeveryyear[D]115,000tonsofoilispouredintotheseafromindustriesroundtheshore68.ItisalmostimpossiblefortheMediterraneantocleanseitselfbecause________.[A]itisalmostlandlocked[B]itsareaislandlockedsothatittakes80yearsforthewatertoberenewed[C]thepollutionismainlyroundtheshore[D]itseldomrainsinthisarea69.Thetoneofthearticleis_________.[A]amused[B]ironical[C]serious[D]indifferent70.Themainideaofthearticleisthat__________.[A]thepollutionaroundtheMediterraneanisveryserious[B]theproblemofthepollutionaroundtheMediterraneanissoseriousthatpeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontoitandtakemeasurestosolveit59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书[C]althoughtheMediterraneanisseriouslypolluted,itisstillthemostpopularholidaydestination[D]thepollutionaroundtheMediterraneanismainlyduetosewageSECTION3QUESTIONSANDTRANSLATION(30points)Ⅶ.Directions:ThefollowingquestionsarecloselyrelatedtoPassage5.Writeabriefanswer(onetothreecompletesentences)toeachofthequestionsonyourANSWERSHEET.Payattentiontospelling,grammarandsentencestructureinyouranswers.(15points,3pointsforeach)71.WhydoestheMediterraneanthreatenpeople'slife?72.If7000peopleswimintheMediterranean,howmanyofthemarelikelytogetdiseasesaccordingtoProfessorBrumfitt'sestimate?Whatdootherscientiststhinkofhisestimate?73.Whatarethetwowaysinwhichshellfisharepolluted?74.Whydofactoriesdoasmuchdamagetotheseaasthecities,towns,andvillages?75.Nameallthesourcesofpollutionmentionedinthearticle.Ⅷ.Directions:Translatethefollowingsentences(takenfromPassage5)intoChineseandwritetheChineseversioninthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.(15points,3pointsforeach)76.TheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilisations,isgravelyill?thefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedroundit.77.Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore.78.Notsurprisingly,vastareasoftheshallowsareawashwithbacteriaanditdoesn'ttakelongforthesetoreachpeople.79.Thousandsoftonsofpesticidesareblownoffthefieldsintothesea,detergentsfrommillionsofsinkskillfish,andfertilizers,flushedouttothesea,nourishexplosionsofplanktonwhichcoverbatherswithitchyslime.80.Ittakes80yearsforthewatertoberenewed,throughthenarrow,shallowstraits,fartooslowaprocesstocopewiththeremorselessrushofpollution.2.2全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案 全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.Directions:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)AB1.accrueA.usingforce,threatsofpunishment2.intensiveB.lastingforonlyaperiodoftime3.eraseC.continuous,withoutbreak4.constantD.toruborscrapeout5.coercionE.topass,floworspreadintoeverypartof6.vulnerableF.thatisliabletobedamaged7.permeateG.tospeakorargueinsupportof8.contemporaryH.tobecomelargerormorebyaddition9.pleadI.thequalityofkeepingsecret10.confidentialityJ.growingtoomuchinalimitedpieceofland1.H2.J3.D4.C5.A6.F7.E8.B9.G10.IⅡ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully,andchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)11.Whatbreathtakingimpertinencetoadvertise1pOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderordogfoodorwhatever.A.transmissionB.rudenessC.distractionD.politeness12.Afewyearsago,ourgroupatSaclay,incollaborationwithanumberofotherEuropeanLaboratories,orbitedatelescope.A.alongwithB.inthelightofC.inagreementwithD.regardlessof13.Iftheyfallbehindtoofarontheseobligations,theyruntheriskofhavingtheirhouses,carsorotheritemstakenoverorrepossessedbythelenders.A.homogeneityB.appropriatenessC.responsibilitiesD.probabilities14.Asasourceofpower,waterisvirtuallyinexhaustible.A.inaccessibleB.insufficientC.abundantD.extinguishable59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书15.AstridandIkepttalkingandthemancontinuedtoswingandlurchoverus,thankingusprofusely.A.increasinglyB.confidentiallyC.attributablyD.repeatedly16.Ifthegreenhouseeffectproduceslastingclimaticchange,nationalcolorpreferencescouldradicallyreorientate.A.changeB.cometoanendC.renewD.startagain17.Ifyouareanimated,youaremorelikelytoseeanimatedlisteners.A.dullandstupidB.activeandlivelyC.annoyedD.respected18.Thesecountriesfearthattheirindustrieswillnotbeabletosurvivesuchdrasticcutsandthattheirnationaleconomieswillsufferasaresult.A.suddenandsevereB.slowandcontinuousC.clearandsimpleD.farandwide19.Morepeoplereportthey“feel”onthevergeofanervousbreakdown.A.ontopofB.insteadofC.onthepointofD.onbehalfof20.Shewastakenabackatthenewsthatherbrotherhadacaraccident.A.overjoyedB.happyC.sadD.greatlysurprisedⅢ.Directions:ScanPassage1andfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)Note:Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.21.exact;accurate(1)22.statementexplainingthemeaningofawordorexpression(1)23.general(1)24.toprovidemoredetailsaboutsomethinginordertomakeitclearer(1)25.tohaveorusesomethingtogetherwithsomeoneelse(2)26.beingeverywhereatthesametime(2)27.information,usuallyinthefromoffactsorstatisticsthatonecananalyze(2)28.tojoinorbringsomethingorpeopletogethersothattheybecomeone(3)29.toplan,prepare,decideonallthedetailsofsomething(3)30.tochangesomethingintoadifferentform(3)21.precise22.definition23.broad24.elaborate25.share26.ubiquitous27.data28.unify29.design30.convert59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书Passage11.Communicationnetworksarearrangementsofhardwareandsoftwarethatallowuserstoexchangeinformation.Thisverybroaddefinitionwillhelpyoubeginlearningaboutoneofthefastest-growingareasinelectricalengineeringandcomputerscience.Onceweexaminesomecommoncommunicationnetworks,wewilldevelopamoreprecisedefinition.Wewillelaborateontheimportanceofthisfield.2.Thetelephonenetworkisthemostfamiliarandubiquitouscommunicationnetwork.Itisdesignedforvoicetransmission.Anofficecomputernetworkisacommunicationnetworkusedbyorganizationstoconnectpersonalcomputersandworkstationssotheymayshareprogramsanddataandtolinkthosecomputerstoprintersand,possibly,tosomeotherperipherals(e.g.,fileserversthatprovidemassstorageorplotters).Computernetworksalsoareusedinmanufacturingplantstoconnectmachinetools,robots,andsensors.TheInternetisanetworkofcomputernetworksthatcoversmostoftheworldandallowsmillionsofuserstoexchangemessagesandcomputerfilesandsomelimitedvideoandaudiosignals.3.Althoughallthesesystemsarecommunicationnetworks,theyarequitedifferentintheinformationthattheytransmitandinthewaytheyareused.Nevertheless,theyoperateonsimilarprinciples.Theunifyingcharacteristicsofallnetworkshelpusdevelopadefinitionofcommunicationnetworksthatdescribesthearrangementsofhardwareandsoftwarethatwestudyinthistext.Eachsystemdescribedisdesignedtoexchangeinformation,whichmaybevoice,sounds,graphics,pictures,video,text,ordata,amongusers.Mostoftentheusersarehumans,buttheyalsocanbecomputerprogramsordevices.Beforetheinformationistransmitted,itisconvertedintobits(zerosorones).Thenthebitsaresenttoareceiveraselectricaloropticalsignals(electromagneticwaves,tobemoreprecise).Finally,theinformationisreconstructedfromthereceivedbits.Thistransmissionmethod,calleddigitaltransmission,reducedthetransmissionerrors.SECTION2READINGCOMPREHENSION(40points)IV.Directions:SkimPassage2andreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.WritethecorrespondingansweryouchooseonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)Passage21.Everybodyfeelspainsometimes:thepainintheheadthatcomesaftereatingicecreamordrinkingcoldwater;thesuddenmuscularpain;the“stitch”thatattackslong-distancerunnersorotherswhoseactivitieshaveputgreatdemandsontheoxygensupplyofthebody.Thesetransientpainsarenotcauseforalarm;theyusuallydisappearquickly,returnrarelyandsignifyverylittle.2.Incontrastaretheunusual,chronic,orexceptionallyseverepainsthatrequireattentionfromadoctor,whocandeterminewhetherornottheyrequirespecialcare.Anginapectoris(painofthechest)isaheartpainthatlastsfromtwoorthreeminutestotenorfifteen.Identificationisextremelyimportant,becausespecialdrugsareneededforreliefandthedoctor’sunderstandingandadvicemaypreventrecurrenceofthecondition.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书3.Onlyadoctorcanrecognizewhatarecalledreferredpains.Theseoriginateatonepoint,butarefeltatanothertowhichtheyhavebeencarriedbythenerves.Apersonwithcontinuouspainbecomesirritated,tiredeasily,hasdifficultyinsleeping,losesappetite,andmayevenbecomethevictimofwhathasbeencalledananxietystateornervousbreakdown.Fewdiseasesdevelopwithoutpainatsomestate,andmanyinvolvesocharacteristicapainastomakediagnosiscertain.Wheneverapainissosevere,soprolonged,andsounusualastoarousealarm,adoctorshouldbeconsulted.31.Transientpainsshouldusuallybeinvestigated.32.Allchronicpainsrequirespecialcare.33.Anginapectoriswouldprobablybeclassifiedasunusual.34.Chronicandreferredpainsarealikeinthatbothlastforalongtime.35.Painscanbeusefulasasignalofthepresenceofdisease.36.Transientpainsaredifferentfromreferredpains.37.Painscanserveasanaidinthediagnosisofdisease.38.Apersonwithcontinuouspainsisusuallygood-tempered.39.Chronicpainsarefeltsomedistancefromtheirsource.40.Allchronicpainscanbeidentifiedandtreated.31.F32.F33.T34.F35.T36.T37.T38.F39.F40.FV.Directions:ReadPassages3and4andchoosethecorrectanswer.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointforeach)Passage31.Everyyearagreatnumberofbabiesandyoungchildrendieorareinjuredinfires.Oneoutofeveryfivefiresiscausedbycarelesssmokingorbychildrenplayingwithmatchesandlighters.Don’ttemptchildrenbyleavingmatchesorlightersaroundaroom.2.Neverleaveachildaloneinahouse.Injustafewsecondstheycouldstartafire.Orafirecouldstartandtrapthem.Achildwillpanicinafireandwillnotknowwhattodo.Unlessaparentisaroundtohelp,achildmaytrytohideunderabedorinacloset.Homefiredrillsareasoundidea.Thebestwaytostoppanicincaseoffireistoknowwhattodobeforeafirebreaksout.3.Yourfirstthoughtinafireshouldalwaysbeescape.Fartoomanypeoplebecomevictimsbecausetheydonotknowthekillingpowerandspeedoffire.Ifafireisverysmallandhasjuststarted,youcanputitoutyourself.Dothisifyouhavethepropertoolsonhand.Inanycasealwayssendthechildrenoutsidefirst.Smoke,notfire,istherealkillerinablaze.Accordingtostudies,asmanyaseightoutoftendeathsinfiresareduetoinhalingfumeslongbeforetheflamesevercame59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书neartheperson.4.Burnsareanotherhazardtotots.Fireplaces,spaceheaters,floorfurnaces,andradiatorshaveallcausedhorribleburnstobabies.Sinceyoucannotwatchyourchildallthetime,youmustscreenfireplaces.Putguardsaroundheatersandradiators.5.Somepeopleuseavaporizerorportableheaterinachild’sroom.Ifyoudo,besureyouplaceitoutofreach.Besure,too,thatitisnotplacedtooclosetoblanketsorbedclothes.6.Usecareinthekitchen.Itisnotsafetoletaninfantcrawlorasmallchildwalkaroundthekitchenwhileyouarepreparingmeals.Thereisdangerofyourtrippingandspillingsomethinghotonthechild.Thereisevendangerofachildpullinginahotpotoffthestoveontoherself.Also,donotusetableclothsthathangoverthetableedge.Childrencaneasilypulltheclothandwhateverisonthetabledown.Beawareofthesedangersandprotectyourchild.41.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe________.A.BetterSafeThanSorryB.HowtoProtectChildrenC.EscapeFromFireD.BeCarefulintheKitchen42.Carelesssmokingorchildrenplayingwithmatchesandlighterscauses______.A.mostdeathsofchildrenB.oneoutoffivefiresC.eightoutoftendeathsinfiresD.fiveoutoftenfires43.AchildwillprobablydothefollowinginafireEXCEPT______.A.panickingB.notknowingwhattodoC.tryingtohideunderabedorinaclosetD.callingforhelp44.Inparagraph2,theword“sound”isclosestinmeaningto________.A.healthyB.safeC.sensibleD.thorough45.Thebestwaytostoppanicinthecaseoffireisto________.A.callaneighborB.bepreparedC.callapolicemanD.runaway46.Whencaughtinafire,aperson’sfirstthoughtshouldalwaysbe________.A.panicB.preventionC.escapeD.puttingoutthefire47.Therealkillerinafireis_________.A.smokeB.flamesC.fuelD.blaze48.Burnscanbecausedby_______.A.harmfultoysB.bedclothesC.blanketsD.spaceheaters49.WhichstatementisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Neverleaveayoungchildaloneathome.B.Burnscanbeverydangeroustochildren.C.Placeheatersoutofthereachofchildren.D.Donotworkinakitchenwhenachildisinit.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书50.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_______.A.adultsknowhowtohandlefiresB.manychildrenstartfiresinahouseC.somefirefightersarenotwelltrainedD.adultsarealwaysverycarefulaboutfire.Passage41.WhenJulesVernewroteJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthin1864,thereweremanyconflictingtheoriesaboutthenatureoftheearth’sinterior.Somegeologiststhoughthatitcontainedahighlycompressedballofincandescentgas,whileotherssuspectedthatitconsistedofseparategraphiteshells,eachmadeofadifferentmaterial.Todaywelloveracenturylater,thereisstilllittledirectevidenceofwhatliesbeneathourfeet.Mostofourknowledgeoftheearth’sinteriorcomesnotfromminesorboreholes,butfromthestudyofseismicwaves—powerfulpulsesofenergyreleasedbyearthquakes.2.Thewaythatseismicwavestravelshowsthattheearth’sinteriorisfarfromuniform.Thecontinentsandtheseabedareformedbythecrust—athinsphereofrelativelylight,solidrock.Beneaththecrustliesthemantle,averydifferentlayerthatextendsapproximatelyhalfwaytotheearth’scenter.Theretherockisthesubjectofabattlebetweenincreasingheatandgrowingpressure.3.Initshighlevels,themantleisrelativelycool;atgreaterdepths,hightemperaturesmaketherockbehavemorelikealiquidthanasolid.Deeperstill,thepressureisevenmoreintense,preventingtherockfrommeltinginspiteofahighertemperature.4.Beyondadepthofaround2,900kilometers,agreatchangetakesplaceandthemantlegiveswaytothecore.Someseismicwavescannotpassthroughthecoreandothersarebentbyit.Fromthisandotherevidence,geologistsconcludethattheoutercoreisprobablyliquid,withasolidcenter.Itisalmostcertainlymadeofiron,mixedwithsmalleramountofotherelementssuchasnickel.5.Theconditionsintheearth’scoremakeitafarmorealienworldthanspace.Itssolidironheartissubjectedtounimaginablepressureandhasatemperatureofabout9,000°F.Althoughscientistscanspeculateaboutitsnature,neitherhumansnormachineswilleverbeabletovisitit.51.Theword“conflicting”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A.controllingB.outdatedC.importantD.opposing52.Thegeologists_________aboutthenatureoftheearth’sinterior.A.agreewitheachotherB.disagreewitheachotherC.aresureD.havefoundenoughevidence53.Seismicwavesare_________.A.pulsesofenergyB.soundwavesC.electromagneticwavesD.radiowaves54.Thewaythatseismicwavestravelshowsthat________.A.theinterioroftheearthisrock59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书B.theinterioroftheearthisdividedintodifferentlayersC.theinterioroftheearthismetalD.thecrustandthemantlearecomposedofexactlythesamesubstance55.Theword“there”attheendofParagraph2referstothe________.A.seabedB.crustC.mantleD.earth’scenter56.Whatistrueaboutthemantle?A.Itissimilartothecrust.B.Itisaverythinlayeroftheearth.C.Itiscoolerasitgoesdeeper.D.Itisacompletelydifferentlayerfromthecrust.57.Thephrase“giveswayto”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto________.A.runsalongB.rubsagainstC.turnsintoD.floatson58.Theword“it”inParagraph4referstothe_________.A.mantleB.coreC.changeD.depth59.TheinnercoreoftheearthisNOT__________.A.liquidB.madeofironC.solidD.mixedwithnickel60.Whydoestheauthorstatethattheearth’scoreis“morealien”thanspace?A.Becausegovernmentfundsarenotinterestedinthecharacteristicsoftheearth’score.B.Becausescientistsarenotinterestedinthecharacteristicsoftheearth’score.C.Becausethepressureandhightemperaturetherepreventscientistsfromdoingresearch.D.Becausetheearth’scoreismadeofelementsthataredangeroustohumans.Ⅵ.Directions:Passage5istakenfromtheTEXTBOOK.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointsforeach)Passage51.Inspiteofthedifficultiesofpredictingfuturetrendsinworldtrade,wecanspecifyfactorsthatwillbeimportant.Someoftheseare:populationgrowth;possiblescarcityofcommodities,thefoodandenergysituation,relationswiththeThirdWorld(developingnations),pressurestopreservetheenvironment,andinternationalcooperationonpolitical,social,economic,andmonetaryproblems.2.Ifpopulationgrowthcontinuesatitspresentpace,thefuturebalancebetweenfooddemandandsupplymaybecomedependentonnewdietarypatterns.Reducedconsumptionofmeat,increaseduseofnewhighproteinfoodmadefromsoybeans,anddevelopmentofoceanresourcesforfoodaresomealternativesthatmustbeconsidered.3.Asthepopulationgrows,pricesofcommoditieswillfluctuate.Ascountriesendeavortoincreaseyieldsonexistingcroplandsthroughintensifieduseofwater,energy,andfertilizers,the59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书costofcommoditieswillrise.4.Growthoftradewilldependgreatlyonavailabilityofenergysources.TheremaystillbeatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Buttheoilcrisisof1974hasledtorenewedinterestincoalandtoasearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Solar,geothermal,andnuclearenergywillplayalargeroleintheyearstocome.5.Solarenergyisavailableinvariousforms.Buildingscanbeheatedandcooledbydirectuseofsolarradiation,cropsandtrees,whicharethemostefficientconvertersofsunlightintoenergy,canbegrownfortheirenergypotential,wastescanbeburnedasfuel,sunlightcanbeconvertedintoDC(directcurrent)electricity,electricpowercanbederivedfromthesun-warmedsurfacewatersoftheocean(oceanthermalpower),lastly,solarradiationcanbeconvertedtoheatthatwilldriveelectricpowergenerators(solarthermalpower).Seriousproblemsstillremainastotransportationandstorageofsolarenergy.6.Geothermalenergyistheenergycontainedwithintheearth.Heatisabundantlyavailabledeepintheearth’scoreandisconstantlybeingproduced.However,thisheatisusuallylocatedattoodeepalevelforcommercialexploitation.Sometimesheatcomestothesurfaceintheformoflavaandgeysers.Inshort,verylittleisknowontheuseofgeothermalenergy,andithasbarelybeenexploited.7.Nuclearenergyisproducedinnuclearpowerplants.Attheseplantsatomsofuraniumaresplit,thusreleasingmassesofenergy.Anothersourceofenergyunderdevelopmentisthenuclearfusionofcertainatomsofhydrogen.Thiscouldeventuallyreplacenaturalgasasasourceofenergy.8.Infuturetradethekeydevelopmenttowatchistherelationshipbetweentheindustrializedandthedevelopingnations.ThirdWorldcountriesexporttheirmineraldepositsandtropicalagriculturalproducts,whichbringthemdesiredforeignexchange.Tourismhasalsobeengreatlyresponsiblefortherapiddevelopmentofsomedevelopingnations.ManyThirdWorldnationswithhighunemploymentandlowwageshaveseenanemigrationofworkerstothedevelopednations.WesternEuropehasreceivedmillionsofsuchworkersfromMediterraneancountries.9.Thedevelopingnationsprofitwhentheseworkersbringtheirsavingsandtheiracquiredtechnicalskillsbackhome.ManydevelopingnationsbenefitwhenWesternnationsestablishmanufacturingintheircountriestotakeadvantageofcheaplabor.10.Aseconomiesmature,economicgrowthratestendtoleveloff.TherateofpopulationgrowthislevelingofftodayinWesternnations.Thisleveling-offeventuallyleadstostaticnon-growthmarkets.Apointofsaturationsetsin—technologyandinnovationhaveseemedtoachievetheimpossible,butthenhowmuchfurthercanitgo?HermanKahn,inhisbookTheNext200Years,saysthatashiftinprioritieswillhavetooccurforindustrializednations.Nolongeristhecreationofmoneyandjobsessential,itisrathertheimprovementofthequalityoflifethatmustbeourconcern.Todaypollutionisofmajorconcernforindustrializednations.Environmentalistsareworriedabouttherelationshipbetweenindustrialobjectivesandpreservingtheenvironment.Indevelopingnations,however,theproblemofpollutionisignoredforthesakeofdevelopment.11.TheWesternWorldwilleventuallymovetoaperiodofrelativelyloweconomicgrowth,coupledwithahighrateofunemployment.Aso-calledwelfaresocietywillemerge.Theunemployedinthenewwelfaresocietywillbetakencareofbytheemployedthroughgenerouscontributionstothesocialwelfaresystem.12.Politicalquestionsremainastotheworld’sfuture.Wecanonlyspeculateastowhether59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书organizedmarketssuchastheCommonMarketandCOMECONcouldeventuallymerge.Inthepresentpoliticalclimate,thiswouldseemimpossible,althoughsomecooperationagreementsarealreadyineffect.ObviouslyamergerbetweentheWesternandEasternEuropeanmarketswouldgreatlyenhanceworldtrade.13.Internationalmonetarycooperationwillhaveasignificantimpactonfuturetrade.IftheIMFcountriesarenotabletoagreeuponanewinternationalmonetaryorderintheyearstocome,internationaltrademaybecometooriskyforsomecompaniestogetinvolvedin.IftheIMFisunabletocreatesufficientinternationalliquidityreservesinthefuture,theremaynotbeenoughliquiditytosustaingrowthintrade.14.However,growinginternationalconsultationandcooperationineconomic,monetary,andpoliticalmatterswillcertainlycontributetotheflourishingofworldtradeforyearstocome.61.Ifpopulationgrowthcontinuesatitspresentpace,howcanpeoplekeepthebalancebetweenfooddemandandsupply?A.Peopleshouldincreasetheconsumptionofmeat.B.Peopleshouldincreasetheconsumptionoflowproteinfood.C.Peopleshouldturntonewdietarypatterns.D.Peopleshouldproducemorecrops.62.Tradegrowthwilldependgreatlyon___________.A.energysourcesB.dietarypatternsC.increasedconsumptionofsoybeansD.increasedyieldsonexistingcroplands63.Theoilcrisisof1974caused___________.A.countriestodependmoreonoilB.countriestofindotherenergysourcestoreplaceoilC.coalandnuclearenergytobecomelesspopularD.countriestobecomemoreandmoreindifferenttocoal64.Theproblemwithsolarenergyisthat_________.A.sunlightcannotbeuseddirectlyforheatingbuildingsB.sunlightcannotbeusedtodriveelectricpowergeneratorsC.itisdifficulttotransportandstoresolarenergyD.itisdifficulttoconvertsunlightintoDCelectricity65.Geothermalenergyhasnotbeenexploitedbecause____________.A.itislocatedtoodeepinearth’scoreforcommercialuseB.itisnotsufficientenoughC.littleisknownaboutexploratorytechnologyD.itoftencomestothesurfaceintheformoflavaandgeysers66.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoparagraph8?A.ThirdWorldcountriesexporttheirmineraldepositssoastogetforeignexchange.B.WorkersinThirdWorldcountriesemigratetodevelopedcountries.C.TourismwillcontributemuchtothedevelopmentofThirdWorldcountries.D.Somedevelopingcountrieswillabsorblargenumbersofforeignworkerstoworkintheir59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书countries.67.Industrialnationsshowgreatconcernfor____________.A.creationofnewjobsB.pollutionandenvironmentalpreservationC.highunemploymentandlowwagesD.thedecreasingeconomicgrowthrate68.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph10?A.Westernnationsarefacingeconomicsaturation.B.Developingcountriespaymuchattentiontotheproblemofpollution.C.Aseconomiesmature,economicgrowthratestendtospeedup.D.Awelfaresocietywillemergeindevelopingnations.69.Inawelfaresociety______________.A.peopledon’tneedtoworkbutcanenjoythewelfareprovidedbytheircountriesB.morepeoplewillbelaidoffwiththerapidgrowthoftheeconomyC.rateofunemploymentisverylowduetoloweconomicgrowthD.peoplewhoareoutofworkwillbetakencareofeconomicallybytheircountries70.WecanconcludefromParagraphs12,13and14that_________.A.theCommonMarketandCOMECONwouldeventuallymergeB.thefutureoftheinternationaltradewilldependoninternationalconsultationandcooperationC.therewouldbemonetarycooperationbetweenWesternandEasternEuropeancountriesD.futureinternationalliquidityreserveswouldinfluencegrowthintradeSECTION3QUESTIONSANDTRANSLATION(30points)Ⅶ.Directions:ThefollowingquestionsarecloselyrelatedtoPassage5.Writeabriefanswer(onetothreecompletesentences)toeachofthequestionsonyourANSWERSHEET.Payattentiontothewords,grammarandsentencestructureinyouranswers.(15points,3pointsforeach)71.Whatenergieswillplayalargeroleinthefuture?72.Whichenergycouldeventuallyreplacenaturalgasasasourceofenergy?Whatenergyisitclassifiedas?73.Whyisitthekeypointinfuturetradetodeveloptherelationshipbetweentheindustrializedandthedevelopingnations?74.HermanKahnsaysinhisbookTheNext200Yearsthatashiftwilloccurforindustrializednations.Whatistheshift?75.WhatwillhappeniftheIMFcountriesarenotabletoagreeuponanewinternationalmonetaryorderinthefuture?Ⅷ.Directions:Translatethefollowingsentences(takenfrompassage5)intoChineseandwritetheChineseversioninthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.(15points,3pointsforeach)76.Reducedconsumptionofmeat,increasedusedofnewhighproteinfoodmadefromsoybeans,anddevelopmentofoceanresourcesforfoodaresomealternativesthatmustbeconsidered.77.Ascountriesendeavortoincreaseyieldsonexistingcroplandsthroughintensifieduseofwater,59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书energy,andfertilizers,thecostofcommoditieswillrise.78.ManyThirdWorldnationswithhighunemploymentandlowwageshaveseenanemigrationofworkerstothedevelopednations.79.Apointofsaturationsetsin—technologyandinnovationhaveseemedtoachievetheimpossible,butthenhowmuchfurthercanitgo?80.Inthepresentpoliticalclimate,thiswouldseemimpossible,althoughsomecooperationagreementsarealreadyineffect.2.3全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案英语阅读（二）试题课程代码：00596请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上SectionOneVocabulary(30Points)I.MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourAnswerSheet.(10points,1pointforeach)(A)(B)1.assessA.danger2.assembleB.skillful3.executeC.causingmuchargumentordisagreement4.hazardD.obviously,clearly5.scarcityE.fixorputtogether6.regulatorF.judgethequalityorworthof7.strategicG.carryout8.controversialH.easilyharmed,hurtorwounded9.vulnerableI.apersonwhomakesotherstoobeyrules10.apparentlyJ.inadequatesupplycomparedwithdemand1.D2.E3.J4.H5.G6.I59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书7.C8.F9.A10.BⅡ.Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully.ChooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseandwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.(10points,1pointforeach)11.Oneimportantreasonformanyoftheaccidentsinthenuclearplantsisthatsafetyprocedureswereeitherinadequateorignored.A.underestimatedB.overdoneC.unnoticedD.overlooked12.Thethirdmeaningoftheterm“foreignexchange”isthatitcovers,inageneralway,theratesatwhichforeignexchangeisquoted.A.removesB.concealsC.reportsD.treats13.AsspringcomestoBeringSea,whales,sealsandmanyothermigratinganimalsareswimmingsouthwardthroughtheBeringchannels.A.travelingB.matingC.wanderingD.breeding14.Observationismuchmoreprecisebeyondtheatmosphere,becausetheskyisdarker.A.apparentB.accurateC.impressiveD.enjoyable15.Forecastershavetotakeintoaccountabroaddiversityofthemes.A.disagreementB.divisionC.varietyD.intensity16.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenurgedtomakeaninquiryintoanuclearplantbecausetherehavebeentoomanyaccidentsthere.A.lookintoB.askaboutC.searchforD.seekafter17.ThepilgrimshadbeentoJerusalemtoworshiptheGodwhenthetragedyhappened.A.touristsB.worshipersC.viewersD.tramps18.Dr.Owenistakingtheissuefurtherbypressingforascrutinyoftheaccident-proneplantitself.A.asupervisionB.asolutionC.aninspectionD.adiscussion59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书19.Inmodernindustry,waterfulfillsseveralessentialfunctions.A.idealB.actualC.compulsoryD.necessary20.“Goodwriting”,saysHarvardUniversityhistorianRichardMarius,“isakindofwrestlingwiththought.”A.tryinghardtobringoutideasB.tryinghardwithimaginationC.collectinginformationD.strivingforexplanationⅢ.Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet.(10points,1pointforeach)Note:Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.21.chemicalsthatformintochainsofprotein(1)22.suggested(1)23.acelestialobjectthatlandsonearth(2)24.scarce(3)25.personswhohavedifferentopinionsanddoubts(3)26.wasinchargeof(3)27.matter(4)28.largemovingcelestialbodies(4)29.letout(5)30.connect(6)21.survival22.habitat23.wilderness24.exterminate25.transition26.endanger27.predators28.bounty29.superstition30.scavengers(1)GeorgeGrowScientistssaytheyhavefoundtwounusualaminoacidsinancientrocksinDenmark.TheysaytheirfindingsprovidesupportfortheideathatdinosaursdiedafterahugespacerockhitEarthsixty-fivemillionyearsago.Theideathatdinosaursdiedafteraspacecrashwasproposedin1980byscientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.(2)ThosescientistssaidahugecomethitEarthatgreatspeed.Thecrashcreatedalargecloudof59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书dust.ThecloudblockedsunlightfromreachingEarth.Withoutsunlight,Earth’sweathercooledsharply.Thecoldweatherkilledplantsandotherfoodsthedinosaursate.Soon,theanimalswerealldead.(3)TheCaliforniascientistsproposedthisideaafterfindinglargeamountsoftheelementiridium.Theelementwasinalayerofgroundformedaboutthetimedinosaursdied.IridiumisrareonEarth.Butlargeamountsarefoundinspaceobjectssuchasasteroidsandcomets.Criticsofthisideasaytheiridiummaynothavecomefromspace.TheysayitcouldhavebeencreatedbyvolcanoesonEarth.ThelateststudywasheadedbyJeffreyBadaandMeixunZhaooftheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyinCalifornia.(4)ThescientistsexaminedrocksfromStevnsKlintinDenmark.Theyfoundlargeamountsoftwounusualaminoacidsnearalagerofiridium.Theaminoacidswereinalayerformedaboutthesametimedinosaursdied.Thescientistslookedforthesesubstancesinrocksfromothertimeperiods.Theyfoundnone.Thescientistsnotedthatthetwoaminoacidsarefoundinmeteorites,butarerareonEarth.ThescientistssaidtheyprobablydidnotcomefromEarth’svolcanoes.(5)Surprisingly,thetwoaminoacidsfoundinDenmarkwerenotfoundinthesamelayerasiridium.Theywerefoundaboveandbelowit.Thescientistssaytheaminoacidsmayhaveleakedoutoftheiridiumlayer.(6)Aseparatereportsaidthereislittlequestionthattheaminoacidscamefromspace.Anditsaidtheaminoacidsaredatedcorrectly.Butitsaidmoreinvestigationisneededtolinktheacidswiththedeathofdinosaurs.SectionTwoReadingComprehension(40Points)Ⅳ.Skimthefollowingpasasgeandreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalseonyourAnswerSheet.(10points,1pointforeach)(1)AcrucialpoliticaltransitioninIraqbeganattheendoftheoccupationonJune28andwilllastuntilthegeneralelectionssetforDecember31,2005,ashasbeendocumentedinthesupremelawoftoday’sIraq,theTransitionalAdministrativeLaw.TheinterimgovernmentwassworninonJune1,waitingtotakethereignsofsovereigntyfromtheCoalitionProvisionalAuthority.Questionsremainwhether,inthecoming18months,theinterimgovernmentcanreviveIraq’ssluggishpost-warreconstructionandexerteffectivecontroloverthecountry.(2)Firstofall,thelegitimacyofthenewgovernmentremainsanissue.Thepresident,vice59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书presidents,primeministerandministershaveallbeenappointed,notelectedpopularly.BothPresidentGhazial-YawerandPrimeMinisterIyadAllawiwerepluckedfromtheU.S.-pickedGoverningCouncil.Also,onethirdofthenewcabinetarealsomembersofthecouncil.TheonlydifferencebetweentheinterimgovernmentandtheGoverningCouncilisthatallthe25membersofthecouncilwereappointedbytheUnitedStatesalone,whilethe33membersofcominggovernmenthaveaUNstampofapproval.Astheinterimgovernment,liketheGoverningCouncil,wasnotelectedbytheIraqipeople,itsauthorityasapro-democraticinstitutionisquestionable.(3)Thesecondunknowniswhethertheinterimgovernmentcanestablishsomekindofpowerbalance.TheTransitionalAdministrativeLawsaysthattheinterimgovernmentisafederalbodyconsistingoflegislative,executiveandjudicialauthorities.TheNationalCongress(275members)isthelegislature.Thepresidencycouncil(onepresidentandtwovicepresidents)andthecouncilofministers(includingtheprimeminister)constitutetheexecutiveoffices,whilethejudiciaryismadeupofahigherjudicialcouncilandafederalsupremecourt,includingitsbranches.Basedona“checksandbalances”systemamongthelegislature,judicialandexecutivebodies,thethreebranchesofgovernment,intheory,providedecentralizedbalanceofpowersinsideafederalframework,whichisbasedonthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates.(4)ItisstilltobeseenwhethertheinterimgovernmentcanagreeonaworkableconstitutionandrelinquishauthoritytothewilloftheIraqipeopleonceelectionsdotakeplace.AccordingtotheTransitionalAdministrativeLaw,fromthehandovertotheendof2005,Iraqwillholdseveralregionalelections,includingtwoforthenationalcongress.Therewillalsobeanationalreferendumontheconstitution.TheUNwilldispatchagrouptofacilitatetheprocess,butitwillnotbeeasy.(5)Iraqhadlongbeenundertheroleofahereditarymonarchandthenamilitarygeneralafteracoupin1958.SaddamHusseinhadexercisedheavy-handedrule,allowingnopoliticaloppositioninthecountry.MostIraqishaveneverexperienceddemocraticrightsandmayindeedfindithardinitiallytoadaptthemselvestosuchasystem.Theinterimgovernment,therefore,facesatasktoimplementapoliticalsystemthatIraqisareneitherfamiliarwithnorfullytrustingof.Norarethenewleaders.(6)Furthermore,numerouspoliticalfactions,religioussectsandtribesinIraqremaindeep-rooted.Kurds,inthemountainousnorth,accountingfor22percentofIraqipopulation,haveastandingarmyofnearly70,000.Manylocalsdonotwanttoletgoofthedefactoautonomytheyhavehad,underU.S.andBritishairprotection,sincethe1991Gulfwar.HusseinattemptedtosubjugatetheKurdsunderhisrole,sotheyhavethusbeenverycooperativewiththecoalitionarmy.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书(7)Yetanothervariableiswhethertheinterimgovernmentcanindependentlyexertstatepower.DespitetheexplicitsupportoftheUN(supposedtorepresenttheinternationalcommunity),theinterimgovernmentisstillontheleashoftheUnitedStates,thoughperceptionsmayvarytowhatdegreeandforhowlongthiswillbethecase.Itisundeniable,nonetheless,thatthisnewgovernmentwillhavelimitedpower.TheUnitedStateswillkeepits138,000troopsinIraqatleastforthedurationofthetransitionalperiod.ThenewIraqiGovernmenthasexpresseditswishtohave,atminimum,asupervisoryroleinmilitaryoperationsaftertheturnover.ButtheIraqiarmyandpoliceforcewillcontinuetobelargelyunderU.S.leadership.Itisverypossible,especiallyintheelectionof2005,thattherewillbedifferencesbetweentheU.S.authoritiesandtheIraqiGovernmenttoregardingtherateatwhichthearmyisputunderIraqcontrol.(8)ThesecuritysituationinIraqisstillveryvolatile.SinceU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.BushdeclaredtheendtomajorcombatonMay1lastyear,terroristbombingsagainstcoalitionforcesandUNpersonnelaswellasIraqipeoplehavecontinued,worseningasoflate.Severalkidnappingsofforeignershaveoccurred.Worsestill,theprisonerabusescandalhasseriouslyerodedU.S.andBritishcredibilityinIraq.ManyIraqisseeoccupationforcesasaninvaderandoccupierratherthanliberator.ThepoliticalvacuuminIraqhasallowedAlQaedatoextenditsviolentcampaigntoIraq.Howtheinterimgovernmentwillrestorelawandthepeople’sloyaltyisyettobeseen.31.TheIraqitransitionalgovernmenttookoverinJune28butitwouldnotbeademocraticallyelectedgovernment.32.ThegoverningperiodfortheIraqiinterimgovernmentisabout16months.33.Onethirdofthe33membersofthenewgovernmentcomefromtheGoverningCouncil.34.Inparagraph3,thewriterdoubtsthattheinterimgovernmentcanprovideadecentralizedbalanceofpowerliketheU.S.model.35.IraqwillholdbothregionalelectionsfortheNationalCongressandanationalreferendumontheconstitutionafter2005.36.BeforeSaddamHussein’sregime,Iraqhadbeenruledbyamonarch.37.Therearedoubtsaboutwhetherthenewgovernmentcanmakedecisionsindependentlyandrestorelawandpeople’sloyalty.38.TheIraqipeoplewelcomerestorationofapoliticalsystemthoughtheyarenotsofamiliarwithit.39.PeoplebothinsideandoutsideIraqexpectthatthesecuritysituationwillturnbetterafterthetakeoverofthenewgovernment.40.Thewriterexpressesdoubtsanduncertaintiesaboutthenewgovernment’schancesofsuccessinthefollowingyear.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书Ⅴ.Readthefollowingpassagesandchoosethecorrectanswer,WritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.(20points,1pointforeach)Passage1(1)Canenvironmentalistslearntoloveloggers?TheWorldBankcertainlyhopesso.Ithasjustunveiledanewforestrypolicythatembracesacontroversialbutpromisingapproachtoconservingtherainforest:sustainableharvesting.(2)Afterunrelentingcriticismfromnon-governmentalgroups,theagencyadoptedapolicyadecadeagothatsharplycurtailedlendingforforestry.Thatpleasedsomeradicalgreens,whowantedanoutrightbanonalllendingtologgingcompanies.Itevensuitedsomeseniorbankstaffjustfine,sincetheyweretiredofbeingabusedbyenvironmentalists,theywerehappytodivertmoneyinsteadintouncontroversialareassuchaseducation.Thesnagwasthatdeforestationcontinuedinthedevelopingworldevenfaster,someargued,becausetheagencyhadwalkedawayfromtheindustryandleftittotherealbaddies.EventheWorldBank’sinternalauditdepartmentheapedscornonthatapproach.(3)Now,saysthebank,itwillstartlendingseriouslytoforestryagain.However,thecompaniesandcountriesinvolvedmustadheretoacodeofgoodbehavior:clear-cuttingandover-harvestingareout;low-impactloggingand“sustainableuse”bylocalpeoplearein.Theaim,thebanksays,istoimprove“thelivelihoodsofsome500mpeoplelivinginextremepoverty,whodependonforests,whileimprovingtheenvironmentalprotectionofforestsinthedevelopingworld.”(4)Couldafloodofmoneybenefittheworld’srainforests?Optimiststhinkthatsustainableharvestingwill“crowdout”theunsustainablekind.Maybe.Butmoneyalonewillnotdomuch,arguesFrancesSeymouroftheWorldResourcesInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,D.C.Shereckonsthatlackofclearpropertyrights,murkylicensingarrangementsandoutrightcorruption-ratherthanlackofmoney-arewhatdrivesdeforestationinmanypoorcountries.(5)Moreover,seeminglyunrelatedpolicies,suchasthoseofferingsubsidiesforagriculturalexpansionorroad-building,canoftenmakeeventhemostvirtuousforestrypolicyirrelevant.Ifthebankistodomuchgoodfortherainforest,concludesGuillermoCastillejaoftheWWW,anactivistgroup,itmustbewillingtouseitsinfluenceinnationalcapitalstopushcountriesandcompaniestowardsgreenerpoliciesoverall,notjustinforestry.Themessageseemstobegettingthrough.AsIanJohnson,theWorldBank’svicepresidentfortheenvironment,putsit,“whathappensoutsidetheforestisatleastasimportantaswhathappensinside.”41.ThenewforestrypolicyissuedbytheWorldBankismorelikelytofavor______.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书A.loggingcompaniesB.greenenvironmentalistsC.bankstaffD.non-governmentalagencies42.TheWorldBank’snewpolicywill_______.A.satisfyallpartiesinvolvedB.winoverenvironmentalistsC.seenochancesofsuccessD.adoptanotherapproachtologgers43.TheWorldBank’snewpolicyaimsat_______.A.lendingmoneytoforestryB.promotingacodeofgoodbehaviorC.developingasustainable-useattitudeinforestryD.regulatingforestryinsomedevelopingcountries44.Paragraph2intendstoshow_______.A.adebateovertheBank’snewpolicyB.groundsfortheBank’snewapproachC.criticismfromenvironmentalistsD.outcomeofthepreviouspolicy45.ThewriterimpliesthattheWorldBank’spreviouspolicywaswelcomedbymanygroupsEXCEPT______.A.greenenvironmentalistsB.non-governmentalorganizationsC.someseniorbankstaffD.loggingcompanies46.ThenewpolicywillNOTencourage_______.A.low-impactcuttingB.clear-loggingC.sustainableharvestD.lendingtoforestry47.WhichstatementisNOTaccurateforparagraph4?A.Moneywon’tworkatall.B.Sustainableharvestwillbeobtained.C.Rainforestswillbemaintained.D.Unsustainableharvestwilldieout.48.AccordingtoFrancesSeymour,thefactorthatwillLEASTaffecttheoutcomeoftheBank’snewpolicyis_______.A.lackofclearpropertyrightsB.murkylicensingarrangementsC.outrightcorruptionD.lackofmoney49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasafactorthatwillinfluencethesuccessofthenewpolicy?A.Subsidiesforagriculture.B.Roadexpansion.C.Adoptionofgreenpolicy.D.Capitalfromlocalgovernment.50.Thelastparagraphfocuseson_______.A.pointingoutirrelevantpolicies59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书B.protectingrainforestsC.puttingforwardsuggestionsD.pushinggreenerpoliciesPassage2(1)MoreandmoreJapanesewanttoworkforthegaijin.Theyhavestooduptobecounted,andtheyarejustoveramillionstrong.ThatishowmanyJapanesenowworkforforeignfirmsoperatingintheircountry,accordingtotheJapanExternalTradeOrganization(JETRO),whichreleaseditsfirstsurveyofforeignfirms’employmentonOctober22nd.Bythestandardsofricheconomies,thatisstillasmallnumber:roughly2.3%oftheworkforce,comparedwithwellover5%intheUnitedStatesandGermany.ButgiventheinsularityandinflexibilitythatstillhobbletoomanyJapanesefirms,thissmallsourceofalternativejobsoffersanoutletforthosewhoaregettingarawdealincorporateJapan.(2)Ingeneral,foreignfirmsinJapanattractpeoplewhosetalentsareeitherunder-rewardedorallowedtowasteawayinlocalcompanies.Thatappliesespeciallytowomen,whodespitehigheducationlevelsareinmuchlessrewardingwhite-collarjobsthantheirwesterncounterparts.Indeed,brightJapanesewomenloseouttoslowerandlaziermensofrequentlyinofficejobsthatevenbeingaflightattendantisconsideredahigh-flyingcareerformorethantheobviousreason.OftheJapanesefirmsthatfemalegraduatesmostwanttoworkfor,twoareairlinesandoneisNHK,alargebroadcaster.(3)Insuchanenvironment,foreigncompaniesareonlytoohappytorecruitfemaletalent.JETRO,whichlikemostJapaneseorganizationsseemsuninterestedinwhethersuchtalentisbeingwasted,didnotbothertocounthowmanyofthosemillionworkerswerewomen.ButjudgingbythenumberofoverqualifiedfemaleMBAsandlaw-schoolgraduateswhoarequeuingforevenabasicjobasasecretary,itisahighpercentage.(4)Menwhowanttobepaidfortheirperformance–i.e.,thosewhoarecleverandproductive-arealsoincreasinglydrawntowardsforeignfirms.Thisisnotsurprising,sincemanyJapanesecompaniescontinuetorewardconformityandseniorityoverclevernessandtalent.JesperKoll,chiefeconomistatMerrillLynchinTokyo,pointsoutthatthespreadbetweensalariesinJapanhasbeguntoriseoverthepastfewyears,thoughitisstillmuchlowerthaninBritainortheUnitedStates.Onereasonforthis,hesays,isthatpay-for-performanceisincreasinginJapan.Foreignfirmsappeartobeleadingthistrend,whichstartedwithforeigninvestmentbanks.(5)Tosomeextent,however,brightyoungJapanesecollegegraduatesarestilldrawntowardsJapanesecompaniesthatareconsideredsafeandprestigious.Unsurprisingly,thethreemostpopular59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书placesformaleuniversitygraduatesareSony,HondaandToyota.AndIBMJapan,whichyoungJapanesesayisninthontheirlistoffavoriteemployers,isnowconsideredtobepracticallyaJapanesecompanybymanylocals.(6)However,ifJapanesefirmslearntotapJapanesetalents,somemayrecruitprofessionalswhohaveworkedforaforeignfirm,assomeJapanesebankshavetentativelybeguntodo.Mightthattiny2.3%oftheworkforcecontainabiggershareofJapan’sfuturebusinessleaders?51.GenerallyforeignfirmsinJapanareattractivetothosewho_______.A.appreciatewesterncultureB.wanttohavesomenewexperienceC.wanttotakeanewchallengeD.wanttorealizetheirworth52.Japanesewomenworkinforeignfirmsbecausethey_______.A.haveagoodeducationbackgroundB.don’tliketheirownlaziermalecolleaguesC.admiretheirAmericancounterpartsD.getbettertreatmentfortheirmerits53.FemalegraduatesprefertoworkforJapaneseairlinesandNHKbecausethey_______.A.cantravelalottomanycountriesB.enjoyflyingfromplacetoplaceC.candresswellandmakeagoodmoneyD.don’thavetocompetewithmalecolleagues54.ThewayJETROconducteditssurveyreleasedinOctoberindicatesthatthisorganization_______.A.reportsthepercentageoffemaleworkersintheworkforceB.concernswiththelackofequalopportunityforfemaletalentsC.hasthesameattitudetowardfemaletalentsasmostotherJapanesefirmsD.considersthepercentageofworkforceworkinginforeignfirmsissmall55.JesperKoll,chiefeconomistinTokyo,pointsoutthat_______.A.foreignfirmsareleadingtrendsinJapanB.thesalariesforemployeesarenowontheriseC.thegapinsalariesbecomeslargernowinJapanD.pay-for-performanceiswidelyacceptedinJapan56.Themanwhois_______willprobablyNOTgotoaforeignfirm.A.cleverB.productiveC.competentD.veteran57.JapanesecompaniessuchasSony,HondaandToyotaarestillattractivetobrightmalegraduatesasthesecompanieswillgivethemasenseof_______.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书A.belongingB.securityC.prideD.fame58.ThetonethewriterusesindescribingJapanesefirmsis_______.A.favorableB.hostileC.criticalD.neutral59.Whichismostlikelytobetrueaboutthewriter?Thewriteris_______.A.awesternerB.JapaneseC.fromJETROD.ajobapplicant60.FromthearticlewecandrawaconclusionthatmostJapanesefirmsrelyheavilyon_______forpromotion.A.meritsB.talentsC.seniorityD.attitudeⅥ.Thefollowingpassageistakenfromthetextbook.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.WritethecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourAnswerSheet.(10points,1pointforeach)(1)Thewholeworldseemedtobeblack,blacknothingness.Theskywasblackwithbright,shiningstarsthatnevertwinkled.Thesun,awhite,burningdisk,seemedtohangintheblackvelvetofthesurroundingheavens.Thiswasthescenethatspreadbeforetheeyesofthefirstastronautwholefthisspaceshiptowalkinouterspace.ThenameoftheRussianastronautwhoperformedthisfeatwasLeonov,andthedateofhiswalkinspacewasMarch18,1965.SeveralmonthslaterasimilarfeatwasperformedbythefirstAmericanastronauttowalkinspace.Bothofthese“spacewalkers”hadspentmonthsprevioustotheirflightlearninghowtocontroltheirmovementsunderthestrangeconditionswhichexistinspace.Wearingtheirthickspacesuits,theylearnedtodealwithanenvironmentwherethereisneitherweightnorgravity,neither“up”nor“down”.(2)Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth’sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit.Thenourfeetnolongerstayontheground,wefloataroundintheair,andtheslightesttouchmaysendusdriftingoffintheoppositedirection.(3)Inthelaboratorieswhereastronautsaretrainedfortheirjourneys,theyaresubjectedtoconditionsthatresemblethoseofflight.Ittakestimeforthemtoprepareforthegreatchangesthatoccurinspace.Whenthespaceshipleavestheearthattremendousspeed,theastronautsfeelasiftheyarebeingcrushedagainstthespaceshipfloor.Later,whentheyleavethezoneoftheearth’sgravitation,theyareunabletostayinoneplace,Simpleactions,suchaseatinganddrinking,becomeverydifficulttoperform.Youmaygetaninklingofwhattheastronautshavetodealwithifyoutrytodrinkaglassofwaterwhilestandingonyourheadorwhilejustlyingdown.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书(4)Thebeginningsofman’sconquestofspacetookplacein1958,sevenyearsbeforeLeonov’strip.Thefirstsuccessfullaunchingof“Sputnik”demonstratedthatitwasindeedpossibletosendobjectsfarenoughoutofrangeofearth’sgravitysothattheywouldnotfallbacktoearth.Rather,suchobjectscouldbeforcedtorevolveabouttheearth,justasthemoondoes.However,whilethemoonissofarfromearththatittakesitamonthtorevolvearoundtheearth,manmadesatellites,whichareclosertoearth,canmakeacompleterevolutioninafewhours.(5)Itwasthreeyearsafterthefirstsatellitelaunchingthataspaceshipcontainingamanmadeasuccessfulflight.Theflightlastedlessthantwohours,butitpointedthewaytofuturedevelopments.(6)Otherplanetsaresofarawaythatspaceshipsmustattaintremendousspeedstoreachtheminareasonabletime.Ifspaceshipswerelaunchedfromspaceorfromthemoon,theabsenceofweightwouldpermittheshipstobelaunchedwithgreatspeedatreducedpressures.Arelativelysmallexplosionwouldbeenoughtosendashipoffataveryfastrate.And,sincethereisnoatmosphereinspaceasthereisonearth,thespaceshipwouldmeetwithnoresistance.Toillustratethispoint,rememberhowstrongthewindfeelsifwearetravelingfastinacar;thenimagineacartravelingthroughanareawherethereisnowind.Thewindlessconditioniscomparabletotheconditioninouterspace.(7)Thefirstastronauttowalkinspace,Leonov,andhiscompanion,Beliaiev,beganmakingpreparationsforthewalkassoonastheirspaceshipwaslaunched.Thespaceshipwasequippedwithadoubledoor,whichwasfittedwithabellowsbetweentheshipandtheoutside.Thismadeitpossiblefortheastronaut,inhisspacesuitwithoxygensupply,togofirstfromtheair-filledshiptothebellows.Thentheairwasletoutofthebellows,and,whilethemansteppedoutside,theairinsidetheshipremainedatnormalpressure.Ifthedoorhadopeneddirectlyintospace,theairintheshipwouldhaverushedoutandbeenlostwhenthedooropened.(8)LeonovandBeliaievpracticedtestingthedoorsseveraltimesaftertheyhadbegunrevolvingaroundtheearth.WhenthetimecameforLeonovtogoout,hiscompanionhelpedhimattachthecablethatwastokeephimfromfloatingawayfromtheship.ThenLeonoventeredthebellows,andthedoorclosedbehindhim.Astheairwasletoutofthebellows,hefelthissuitswellupbecauseoftheairpressureinside.Whentherewasnoairleftinthebellows,theouterdooropened,andLeonovcouldsee,simultaneously,theblacknessofspaceandtheblindinglightofthesun.(9)Iftheskyappearsbluetousonearth,itisbecausetheearth’satmosphereabsorbsacertainnumberofblueraysofsunlight.Outwherethereisnoair,thisphenomenondoesnottakeplace.Ontheearth,ouratmospherediffuseslightsothat,whenthesunisup,lightseemstobeeverywhere.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书However,intheairlessrealmsofouterspace,stronglights,suchasthesun,existsidebysidewithadarksimilartothedarkoftheblackestnight.Theabsenceofairalsoexplainswhythestarsdonotseemtotwinkleinspace,astheydofromtheearth.(10)Leonovreportedthattheearthappearedasahuge,rounddisk,fillingalargepartofthesky.Hefoundthatthereliefofhillsandmountainswasmoreeasilyobservedfromthatdistancethanfromaplaneflyingatafewthousandfeet.(11)WhileLeonovwasoutsidetheship,hekeptintouchbytelephonewithhiscompanionandwiththeearth.Heopenedtheshutterofthemoviecamera,whichmadearecordofwhathedidandsaw.Whenthesignalwasgivenforhimtoreturntotheship,hewasenjoyingthecosmossomuchthathewasdisappointedtohavetostophiswanderingssosoon.61.Agreatproblemastronautshavetoovercomeinspacetravelis_______.A.gainingspeedatset-offB.goingthroughthebellowsC.keepingtheirsuitsintactD.movingatthelossofgravity62.…theyaresubjectedtoconditionsthatresemblethoseofflight(paragraph3).Theunderlinedpartmeans_______.A.theyareexposedtoB.theyareattractedtoC.theyarereferredtoD.theyareconfinedto63.ThesuccessfullaunchofSputnikissignificantinthat_______.A.itenablesmentowalkonthemoonB.itispossibletosendmentospacerightawayC.itprovesthatspaceshipcanlaunchfromspaceD.flyingobjectscanbreakawayfromtheearth’sgravity64.Thelaunchofthefirstspacecraftcontainingamantookplacein_______.A.1958B.1961C.1965D.196965.Artificialsatellitesgofasterroundtheearththanthemoonbecausetheformertravel_______.A.atalowerorbitroundtheearthB.atahigherorbitroundtheearthC.atafasterspeedwithlesspressureD.ataslowerspeedwithmorepressure66.Thebestplacefromwhichtolaunchaspaceshiptootherplanetsisprobably_______.A.NorthAmericaB.theequatorC.asatelliteinspaceD.astationontheearth67.Leonov’sspaceshiphadadoubledoorinorderto_______.A.preventthelossofairB.keeptheinsidespaceshipwarm59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C.accustomtheastronauttothelackofairD.givehimtimetoattachhimselftotheship68.WhatdoyouknowaboutLeonov’sspacewalk?A.Itlastedlongerthanplanned.B.Itlastedlongerthanhewished.C.Itstoppedunexpectedly.D.Itlastedshorterthanhewished.69.Inspacetheskyappearsdarkbecause_______.A.thesundoesnotshinethereB.thereisnoatmosphereC.theearth’satmospheretakesalltheblueraysD.theearth’satmospheretakesalltheraysfromthesun70.Thepassageismostlikelytoappearina_______.A.sciencefictionbookB.historybookC.popularsciencebookD.sciencejournalSectionThreeQuestions&Translation(30Points)Ⅶ.ThefollowingquestionsarecloselyrelatedtothepassageinItemⅥ.Writeabriefanswer(onetothreecompletesentences)toeachofthequestionsonyourAnswerSheet.Payattentiontothewords,grammarandsentencestructureinyouranswers.(15points,3pointsforeach)71.Whatdoestheouterspacelooklike?72.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthhadnogravity?73.Whatexperimentdoesthewritersuggestwetakeinordertohavearealfeeloftheconditionstowhichtheastronautsareexposedinspace?74.Whatdifferencewoulditmaketolaunchspaceshipsfromthemoontoreachotherplanets?75.HowdidLeonovfeelandwhatdidhefindduringhiswalkinspace?Ⅷ.Translatethefollowingsentences(takenfromthepassageinItemⅥ)intoChinese.WritetheChineseversioninthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet.(15points,3pointsforeach)76.Wearingtheirthickspacesuits,theylearnedtodealwithanenvironmentwherethereisneitherweightnorgravity,neither“up”nor“down”.77.Wedonotrealizehowmuchwedependontheearth’sgravityuntilwearedeprivedofit.Thenourfeetnolongerstayontheground,wefloataroundintheair,andtheslightesttouchmaysendusdriftingoffintheoppositedirection.78.Inthelaboratorieswhereastronautsaretrainedfortheirjourneys,theyaresubjectedtoconditionsthatresemblethoseofflight.Ittakestimeforthemtoprepareforthegreatchangesthatoccurinspace.Whenthespaceshipleavestheearthattremendousspeed,theastronautsfeelasiftheyarebeingcrushedagainstthespaceshipfloor.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书79.Otherplanetsaresofarawaythatspaceshipsmustattaintremendousspeedstoreachtheminareasonabletime.Ifspaceshipswerelaunchedfromspaceorfromthemoon,theabsenceofweightwouldpermittheshipstobelaunchedwithgreatspeedatreducedpressures.80.Leonovreportedthattheearthappearedasahuge,rounddisk,fillingalargepartofthesky.Hefoundthatthereliefofhillsandmountainswasmoreeasilyobservedfromthatdistancethanfromaplaneflyingatafewthousandfeet.2.4全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案 全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596Ⅰ.ReadingComprehension.(50points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Aftereachpassage,therearefivequestionsfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.PassageOnePlantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefullyseemtohavebuilt-inclocks．Thesebiologicalclocks，astheyarecalled，usuallyarenotquiteexactinmeasuringtime．However，theyworkprettywellbecausetheyare“reset”eachday，whenthesuncomesup．Dopigeonsusetheirbiologicalclockstohelpthemfinddirectionsfromthesun?Wecankeeppigeonsinaroomlitonlybylamps．Andwecanprogramthelightingtoproduceartificial“days”，differentfromthedayoutside．Afterawhilewehaveshiftedtheirclocks．Nowwetakethemfarawayfromhomeandletthemgoonasunnyday．Mostofthemstartoutasiftheyknowjustwhichwaytogo，butchooseawrongdirection．Theyhavepickedadirectionthatwouldbecorrectforthepositionofthesunandthetimeofdayaccordingtotheirshiftedclocks．Itisknownandexperimentedthathomingpigeonscantelldirectionsbythesun．Butwhathappenswhentheskyisdarklyovercastbycloudsandnoonecanseewherethesunis?Thenthepigeonsstillfindtheirwayhome．Thesameexperimenthasbeenrepeatedmanytimesonsunnydaysandtheresultwasalwaysthesame．Butonveryovercastdaysclock-shiftedpigeonsarejustasgoodasnormalpigeonsinstartingoutintherightdirections．Soitseemsthatpigeonsalsohave59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书someextrasenseofdirectiontousewhentheycannotseethesun．Naturally，peoplehavewonderedwhetherpigeonsmighthaveabuilt-incompass－somethingthatwouldtellthemaboutthedirectionsoftheearth’smagneticfield．Onewaytotestthatideawouldbetoseeifapigeon’ssenseofdirectioncanbefooledbyamagnetattachedtoitsback．Withastrongmagnetcloseby，acompasscannolongertelldirection．Totesttheidea，agroupoftenpigeonshadstronglittlemagnetbarsattachedtotheirbacks．Anothergroupcarriedbrassbarsinsteadwhichwerenotmagnetic．Inanumberofexperiments，bothgroupsweretakenawayfromhomeandletgo．Onsunnydaysnoneofthemagnet-pigeonswasfooled．Theywerejustasgoodasthebrass-pigeonsinstartingoutintherightdirectiontowardhome．Oncloudy，overcastdays，however，withnosunthebrass-pigeonschosetherightdirection，butthemagnet-pigeonswereintrouble．Theylaterstartedoutindifferentdirectionsandactedcompletelylost．Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne．1．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheorganizationofthepassage?A．Questionsareraisedfirstandthenexperimentstoanswerthemarecited．B．opinionsaregivenfirstandthenevidencesagainstthemorequoted．C．Statementscomefirstandexamplessupportingthemfollow．D．People’slongheldbeliefsarecitedfirstandexceptionscomeafter．2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutbiologicalclocks?A．Theyareusedbyallplantsandanimalstotelltime．B．Pigeons’biologicalclocksareregulatedeverydaywiththesunrise．C．Thebuilt-inbiologicalclockscannotbechanged．D．Theygraduallydevelopedaspigeonsgrowmature．3．Howcanpeopleshiftpigeons’biologicalclocks?A．Bytrainingthemwhentheyareyoung．B．Byminorandharmlessoperations．C．Bytakingthemreallyfarawayfromhome．D．Bykeepingtheminartificialdays．4．Whichistrueaboutpigeons’findingdirections?A．Withabrassonbacktheycanfinddirectionssooner．B．Theycanfinddirectionsbetterthanotherbirds．C．Theyusetheearth’smagneticfieldandthesuntofinddirections．D．Theycanfinddirectionsonlytotheirhome．59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书5．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybycitingthelastexperiment?A．Onheavilycloudydays，pigeonsthatarenotwelltraineddonotfly.B．Pigeonsusedifferentsourcestofinddirectionsondifferentweather.C．Magneticfieldisanimportantsourceinhelpingpigeonstofinddirections.D．Thelittlemagnetbarsmakeiteasierforpigeonstofinddirections．PassageTwoInsomeways,yes—butthedifferencesmattermore．Justashumanhistoryhasbeenshapedbytheriseandfallofsuccessiveempires，thecomputerindustryhas,inthefewdecadesofitsexistence，beendominatedbyonelargecompanyafteranother．Duringthemainframeera，IBMworethecrown．Butitfumbledthetransitiontosmallermachinesinthepersonal-computerera，andthethronewasusurpedbyMicrosoft．Now，atthedawnoftheneweraofInternetservices，Googleiswidelyseenastheheirtothekingdom．Astheupstarthasmaturedintoapowerfulindustrygiant，thesuggestionthat“GoogleisthenewMicrosoft”hasbecomecommonplaceincomputingcircles．Isittrue?Thecomparisonisbothacomplimentandareproach．ItisacomplimentbecauseitimpliesthatGooglehasnowbecomethecompanythatdefinestheenvironmentinwhichothertechnologyfirmsoperate，justasIBMandMicrosoftoncedid．AswithMicrosoftinitsheyday，Googleisthetechnologyfirmwherethesmartestgeeksaspiretowork；itembodiesthetechnologicalzeitgeist；anditisahighlyregardedcompanythathasbecomeahouseholdname．Butthecomparisonisalsoareproach，becauseithighlightsgrowingconcernthatGoogleisnowtoopowerfulforitsowngood，orthatoftheindustry，orindeedthatoftheworldatlarge．Formanypeople，GoogleprovidesthefrontdoortotheInternet．Formanyonlinebusinesses,theirpositioninitssearchranking—theworkingsofwhichareacloselyguardedsecret—isamatteroflifeordeath．ToomuchpoweristhusconcentratedinGoogle’shands，saycritics，includingMicrosoft’sBillGates．MicrosoftandotherbigInternetfirms，includingeBay，AmazonandYahoo，arenowsaidtobenegotiatingvariousalliancesinordertoprovideacounterweighttothenewbehemoth．Smallerfirmsfeelevenmorevulnerable．AssoonasGooglesaysitismovingintoaparticularmarket，smallfryinthatmarketnowdartforcover，unlesstheyareluckyenoughtobeacquiredbyGoogle．YettherearesomecrucialwaysinwhichGooglediffersfromMicrosoft．Forastart，itisafarmoreinnovativecompany，anditsuseofsmall，flexibleteamshassofarallowedittoremaininnovativeevenasithasgrown．Microsoft，incontrast，hasstagnatedasaresultofitssizeanddominance．Itisleastinnovativeinthemarketsinwhichitfacestheleastcompetition—operating59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书systems，officesoftwareandwebbrowsers—thoughitis，curiously，stillcapableofinnovatinginmarketsinwhichithasstrongrivals(notablyvideogaming)．TrytoavoidusingMicrosoftsoftwareforaday，particularlyifyouworkinanoffice，andyouwillhavedifficulty；butsurvivingadaywithoutGoogleisrelativelyeasy．Ithasstrongcompetitorsinallthemarketsinwhichitoperates：search，onlineadvertising，mapping，softwareservices，andsoon．LargefirmssuchasYahoo，whichpreviouslyfarmedsearchesouttoGoogle，haveswitchedtoothertechnologies．Google’smarketshareinsearchhasfallenfromahighofaround80％toaround50％today．PerhapstheclearestevidencethatGoogle’scontinueddominanceisnotinevitableisthefateofAltaVista，theformertopdoginInternetsearch．Whoremembersittoday?Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo．6．ThecomparisonmadeamongIBM，MicrosoftandGooglesuggeststhat_____.A．IBMisnolongeranimportantfirminthecomputerindustryB．MicrosofthasalwaysbeendominantinthecomputerindustryC．GoogleisgainingadominantpositionincomputingtechnologyD．itisnotvalidtomakeacomparisonbetweenthethreefirms7．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutGoogle?A．Googleiswidelyknownonlyincomputingcircles．B．Googleisbeingcriticizedforbeingtoopowerful．C．Googleisofvitalimportancetoonlinebusinesses．D．GoogleislikelytoeplaceMicrosoftincomputerindustry．8．ComparedwithMicrosoft,ogleissaidtobemore_____.A．stagnateintechnologyB．inflexibleinstructureC．ambitiousindevelopmentD．innovativeinmarket9．Microsoftisfacingchallengesin_____.A．operatingsystemB．officesoftwareC．webbrowsersD．videogaming10．WhichisusedasanexampletopredictthelikelyfutureofGoogle’sInternetearch?A．AltaVista．B．Yahoo．C．eBay．D．Amazon．PassageThreeItissuchanoddrelationshipbetweenpeopleandpandas．WearesofondofthemthatwhentheChinesegovernmentlentapairtotheSanDiegoZooforsixmonths，thenumberofvisitors59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书increasedsharply，andthezoosoldoverhalfamillionpandaT-shirts．WhenaPandawasborninTokyoZooin1986，thousandsofpeoplephoneddailytoheararecordingofthebaby’scry．Althoughthereasonwelovepandasisnoteasytoexplain，animalscientistsoffersomeplausibletheories．Theysuggestthatparentinginstinctsarearousedbythecommoncharacteristicsofbabies：roundfacesandsmalljaws．Pandas，eveninadulthood，displayalloftheseinterestingfeatures．Untilrecently，however，itseemednearlycertainthatthismuch-lovedcreaturewasdestinedtodieout．Evennowthegiantpandanumbersfewerthan1000inashrinkingwildernessinonesmallareainChina，anuntimelyendfortheworld’smostbelovedwildspeciesmaystillbeavoidable．“It’seasytosavethepanda，”saysGeorgeSchaller，theNewYorkZoologicalSociety’spandaexpertandaworldrenownedzoologist．“Allitneedsisbambooandpeace．”Wildlifeexpertshaverecommendedsomebasicstepstohelp．AdetailedplanfortheprotectionofpandahasbeendrawnupbytheWildlifeFund，incooperationwiththeChineseMinistryofForestry．Theplancallsfora70％increaseinthepandapreserveatacostof$20，000，000overfiveyears．TheplanwassubmittedtotheChinesegovernmentinAugust，1989．Aftermorethanayearofdebatinganddelay，theNationalPeople’sCongressvotedinfavorofthebilltofundtheplan．Almost100pandasarekeptinChineseZoosandatinstitutionsinothercountries，butduringthepastthreedecadesfewerthan100babypandashavebeenborninChina．Andthemajorityofthesehavediedyoung．Despitesuchunfavorablecircumstance，thegiantpandasprospectsarebetternowthanintherecentpast．Newinsightsintobehavior，dietandphysiologyofferhopetoprotectandraisetheseanimalsmoreeffectively．Themostpromisinghopeforpanda’sfutureseemstobetheincreasedeffortsbyChinesegovernment．Theyhaveestablished13pandareservesandannouncedplansfor14more．Afarmhasbeenrelocatedawayfromapandahabitat,andsome60familieslivinginonereservehavebeenrelocated，costingthegovernmentnearly$370，00．Publicconcernforthewelfareofpandashasbeenheightenedbystiffpenaltiesforpoaching—althoughitremainsaseriousproblem．Afewfarmershavecapturedisolatedpandasandreleasedthembacktolargerhabitats．Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree．11．Thepassagemainlydiscusses_______．A．themysteriouslifeofpandasB．attentionstowardspandaprotection59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C．publiclikingforpandasD．thestrangebehaviorsofpandas12．PandasaremuchlovedbypeopleforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT_______．A．theirbaby-likefeaturesB．theirroundfacesandsmalljawsC．theirattractivecriesD．theirinactivity13．WhichofthefollowingfactorsplaysaNEGATIVEroletopanda’ssurviving?A．Publicconcernforpanda’swelfarehasbeenheightened．B．Chinesegovernmentinvestedmoremoneyinpandaprotection．C．Properprotectionmeasureswerenottakenintime．D．MorereserveswillbeestablishedinChina．14．Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinpandaprotection?A．Animalbehaviorists．B．Chinesegovernment．C．Americanzoologists．D．Thezooswhichraisepandas．15．Pandascanbebetterprotectedtodayowingto______．A．abetterunderstandingoftheanimalB．theincreaseinforeignfundsC．theirincreasingpopularityD．theeffortsofAmericanscientistsPassageFour Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviorisevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering．Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory．Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryasto1eadtoskilfulperformanceonthepiano，torecitationofapoem，andeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords．So-calledintelligentbehaviordemandsmemory，rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning．Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory．Typically，thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences．Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial．Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten；andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious．Yet，dramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive．Inthissense，theabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals．Indeed，whenone’smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleads59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书toseriousanxiety，forgettingmayproducerelief．Nevertheless，anevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection．Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossible．aspects，itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade．Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintime，sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout，providingcluesforinferringduration．Withoutforgetting，adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer，forexample，learnedbehaviorthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe．Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)forgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion．Thisforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies．Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughforgetting．Inthisview，continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andforgetting(output)．Indeed，thereisevidencethattherateatwhichindividualsforgetisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhavelearned．Suchdataoffersgrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance．Questions16-20arebasedonPassageFour.16.Fromtheevolutionarypointofview,_______.A．suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequencesB．forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptiveC．ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbeveryadaptiveD．forgettingisanindicationofanindividual’sadaptability17.Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonneverforgot,_______.A．hewouldsurvivebestB．hewouldhavealotoftroubleC．theevolutionofmemorywouldstopD．hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced18.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat_______.A．forgetfulnessisaresponsetolearningB．memoryisacompensationforforgettingC．thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedD．thememorystoragesystemisbalanced19.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_______.A．humorousB．theoretical59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C．exaggerativeD．philosophical20.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto_______.A．interpretthefunctionofforgettingB．illustratetheprocessofadaptingC．explaintheperformanceofmemoryD．emphasizetheimportanceoflearningPassageFiveManypeoplebelievethatbeaversareintelligentanimals.Afterall,theirdamsarefineexamplesofengineering.Theengineeringfeatsofbeaversarewellknown,butitwillbeusefultorecalltheirmainfeatures.Apairofbeaverswillconstructadamacrossariver.Thewaterheldbackbythedamoverflowsthebankoneithersideoftheriver,floodingtheadjacentgroundandformingapond.Atsomepointinthepondthebeaversthenbuildtheirhome,whichiscalledalodge.Thisconsistsofaconicalpileofbranchesandsticksoftwotosixfeetinlengthheldtogetherwithmudandstones,thetopofwhichprojectsabovethewaterline.Itservesasashelterfromtheelements,arefugefromenemiesandabaseforfoodsuppliestobedrawnuponinwinter.Fromanengineeringpointofviewthelodgecouldhardlybeimproved．Notonlydoesitcontainacentralchamberjustabovewaterlevel，butitalsohasoneormoreescapetunnels，well-insulatedwallsandaverticalchimney，whichregulatesthetemperatureinsideandgivesair-conditioning．Itisaltogetheracunningpieceofconstruction，withallmodernconveniences．Itis，infact，betterprotectedagainsttheeffectsoffloodingthanmanyhumanhabitations．Treesareessentialtobeavers．Theyeatthebarkontheupperbranches，andinordertoreachthesetheymustfellthetrees．Tree-fellingisaskilledjob，asanyonewhohasfelledevenasaplingknows．Butbeaversfellmorethansaplings．Apairissaidtobeabletofellatreefourinchesindiameterin15minutes．Theydoitbygnawingallroundthetrunk，ashighupfromthegroundastheycanreach．Theyoftenbuildplatformsofmudandearthtoenablethemtocutthroughthetreewherethetrunkisnarrower．Theengineeringskillofbeaversistoalargeextentaresultoftheirabilitytousetheirfrontpawsashands．Afemalewillcarryheryoungheldunderherchinwithherfrontpawswalkingonherhindlegs．Asimilarmethodisusedbyallbeaverswhentransportingstonesormud，althoughtheyalsocarrysuchmaterialsontheirbroadflattails．Theforepawsarealsousedforburrowingandfordraggingheavierlogs．Itiseasy，therefore，toseewhypeopleshouldtalkaboutthebeaver’sskill，clevernessand59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书intelligence．However，thestructureofthebeaver’sbraingivesnoindicationthattheanimalisanymoreintelligentthanotherrodents．Anyofitsactions，whichappeartobetheresultofahigherorderofreasoning，canbeshowntobeduetoinstinctandaresuspectedofbeingtheoutcomeofaninbornpatternofbehavior．Questions21-25arebasedonPassageFive．21．Thepassageimpliesthatbeaversprefertobuildtheirhomein_____.A．deepwaterB．shallowwaterC．riversratherthanpondD．1akesratherthanrivers22．Theword“elements”inParagraph2means_____.A．naturalhabitationsforanimalsB．environmentnaturaltoanindividualC．atmosphericforcesasrain,windorsnowD．substancesasearth,water,airandfire23．Thesentence“Fromanengineeringpointofviewthelodgecouldhardlybeimproved”means___．A．thelodgewastoopoortoimproveB．thelodgewasleftmuchtoimproveC．thelodgewasnearlyperfectD．itiseasytoimprovethelodge24．Beaversfelltreesmainlyto___．A．builddamsB．buildtheirlodgesC．gainfoodD．exercisetheirjaws25．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbesttodescribebeavers?A．Theyarecleveranimalsandlearnquickly．B．Theyaremoreintelligentthanotheranimals．C．Manyoftheirskillsaredevelopedinlatelife．D．Manyoftheirskillsareinborncapabilities．Ⅱ．Vocabulary.(10points,1pointforeach)Directions：Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythesamemeaningsasthosegivenbelow．Thenumberinthebracketsaftereachworddefinitionreferstothenumberofparagraphinwhichthetargetwordis．WritethewordyouchooseontheAnswerSheet．Campsareeithertemporary，thatischangedfromdaytoday，ortheyarepermanentandmay59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书bevisitedyearafteryear，ortheymaybeusedforafewweeksatatime.Temporarycampsaretheonesweareconsidering，andthesecanbeelaborateorvery，verysimple．Ipreferthelatter，andIamsuretheboyswillagreewithme．Duringtheautumnandwhentheweatherisdryandthenightsnottoocool,thebestwaytocampisintheopen，sleepingonbedsofboughs，aboutaroaringfire，andwithoneblanketunderandanotherover．Smalldogtents，liketheonesoursoldierscarriedintheCivilWar,arecheapandveryconvenient.Eachmancarriedasection，andtwomadeatent,intowhichtwomencrawledwhenitrained，butindryweathertheypreferredtosleepintheopen，evenwhenitwasfreezing．Sheltersofboughs，arrangedinanA-formedfashionfromaridgepolemakegoodtemporarysheltersandarefirstrateaswindbreaksatnight．Ashackbuiltofcrossedlogsrequiressometimetobuildandsomeskilltomake，butitisnotbeyondthereachofanyboywhohasseen—andwhohasnot—anold-fashionedlogshanty．26.notlasting(Para.1)temporary27.complicated(Para.1)elaborate28.makingaloudsound(Para.2)rearing29.bedcovering(Para.2)blanket30.movedwiththebodyclosetotheground(Para.3)crawled31.heldaboveotherthings(Para.3)preferred32.terriblycold(Para.3)freezing33.alongroundedpieceofwood(Para.4)pole34.outsidethelimits(Para.5)beyond35.aroughly-builthouselikeashack(Para.5)shantyⅢ.Summarization.(20points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearetenparagraphs.Eachoftheparagraphsisfollowedbyanincompletephraseorsentence.SpelloutthemissinglettersofthewordonyourAnswerSheet.ParagraphOneHighsalariesintheelectricity,telecommunicationsandothermonopolyindustrieshavedrawnstrongcriticisminChina,wheretheGinicoefficient,nowstandsat0.46,exceedingtheinternationallyrecognizedalarmlevelof0.45.SoChinaisconsideringcuttingwagesinmonopolyindustriestoreducethecountry’swideningincomegap.Adraftdirectivedocumenthasbeenworkedoutforthispurpose.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书36.Theneedton_narrow___theincomegap.ParagraphTwoThroughoperatingremotecontrolsandTVsets,peoplecanlogontotheInternet,sendandreceiveE-mails,orderdishes,andtransferaccounts.Theycanchoosedifferentwatchinganglesandshowsupportstoparticularteamswhilewatchingtelevisedfootballgames.Ofcoursetheseservicesarenotfree.Expertssaypay-TVisalittledifferentwithdigitalTV,butbothstandforthedevelopingtrendofChina’stelevisionindustry.37.Thee__emergence___ofpay-TV.ParagraphThreeThisnewkindofwebsiteisknownasa“weblog”,or“bolg”.Aweblogisanonlinejournal,typicallyconsistingofapersonaldiaryorsocialandpoliticalcommentary,sometimeswithrepliesfromreaders.Blogshavecommonelements:updatedfrequently(usuallydaily);informal;groupedbydatewithlinkstoarchivesofolderposts.38.Thepassagetalksaboutw__weblog___.ParagraphFourAfashionablewordinEnglishthesedaysisYAHOO,awordpopularizedbytheInternetsearchenginecarryingthesamename.Theoriginal“yahoos”werequitedifferent.Theywerethenasty,brutish,shortandsubhumansavagesdescribedintheGulliver’sTravels.Todaytheyaredie-hardfansofthehometeamofanysportorsportenthusiastswhocan’thelplovingthehometeam.39.Howdidthew_word_yahoocome?ParagraphFiveOnyourinterviewday,youshouldarriveatleasthalfanhourearlier.Tellthesecretaryatthereceptiondeskaboutyourarrangedinterviewassoonasyougetthere,andwaitintheloungejusttorelax.Butwhilewaiting,watchyourposture.Whenyournameiscalled,letyourinterviewerseeacandidatefullofconfidenceandreadyfornothingelsebuttheinterview.40.T_Tips__forinterviewees.ParagraphSixABMWisdesignedtobringconfidenceandjoytoeverymomentyouspendbehindthewheel.Overthevastblanketofhard-packedsnowandiceduringthewintermonths,torespondwithlightningaccuracyineachofthesesituationsmaybeimpossibleforahumandriver,butnotforaBMWequippedwithAllSeasonTraction.41.Guaanteeofs__safetyforBMWdrivers.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书ParagraphSeven“Therearefewearthlythingsmorebeautifulthanauniversity,”wroteJohnMansfieldinhistributetoEnglishuniversities—andhiswordsareequallytruetoday.Headmiredthesplendidbeautyoftheuniversity,hesaid,becauseitwas“aplacewherethosewhohateignorancemaystrivetoknow,wherethosewhoperceivetruthmaystrivetomakeotherssee.”42.Theparagraphisabouttheu_university_education.ParagraphEightConsumersofelectricityusuallyacceptthefactthatpowercutsfrequentlyoccurduringthunderstorms.Ifoutages(电力中断)occuronasunnyday,consumerswillblamethepowercompany.However,mostoutagesoccurduetocircumstancesbeyondthepowercompany’scontrol.Animalswiththeabilitytoreachthetopofpowerpolescanknockoutpowerofmanyhouses.43.Therearemanyc_causes__forpowerfailure.ParagraphNineApollwastakenrecentlysurveyingtwelvehundredadultsintheUnitedStatestofindoutwhattheyconsideredimportantintheirlives.Ninety-sixpercentsaidthathavingagoodfamilylifewasimportant.Ninety-fivepercentsaidthatusingtheirmindandabilitieswasimportant,whichmarksashiftinthetypeofworkfromphysicallabortomentalskills.44.People’sv_view/viewpoint_towardslife.ParagraphTenSomepeoplefeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Manynoticetheiranxietybutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Sometrytohidetheirnervousness;somebecomeaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.45.Differentr_responses/reactions_totensionwhenflying.Ⅳ.Translation.(20points,4pointsforeach)Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearefivegroupsofunderlinedsentences.ReadthepassageandtranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.Only100yearsagomanlivedinharmonywithnature.Thereweren’tsomanypeoplethenandtheirwantswerefewer.Whateverwasteswereproducedcouldbeabsorbedbynatureandweresooncoveredover.(46)Todaythisharmoniousrelationshipisthreatenedbyman’slackofforesightandplanning,andbyhiscarelessnessandgreed.Formanisslowlypoisoninghisenvironment.Pollutionisa“dirty”word.Topollutemeanstocontaminate—tospoilsomethingbyintroducingimpuritieswhichmakeitunfitoruncleantouse.Pollutioncomesinmanyforms.We59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书seeit,smellit,tasteit,drinkit,andstumblethroughit.(47)Weliterallyliveinpollution,and,notsurprisingly,itisbeginningtothreatenourhealth,ourhappiness,andourverycivilization.Oncewethoughtofpollutionasmeaningsimplysmog—thechoking,stinging,dirtyairthathoversovercities.Butairpollution,whileitisstillthemostdangerous,isonlyonetypeofcontaminationamongseveralwhichattackthemostbasiclifefunction.Throughtheuncontrolleduseofinsecticides,manhaspollutedtheland,killingthewildlife.Bydumpingsewageandchemicalsintoriversandlakes,wehavecontaminatedourdrinkingwater.Wearepollutingtheocean,too,killingthefishandtherebydeprivingourselvesofaninvaluablefoodsupply.(48)Partoftheproblemisourexplodingpopulation.Moreandmorepeopleproducemorewastes.Butthisproblemisintensifiedbyour“throw-away”technology.EachyearAmericansdisposeof7millionautos,20milliontonsofwastepaper,25millionpoundsoftoothpastetubesand48millioncans.Wethrowawaygumwrappers,newspapers,andpaperplates.Itiseasierandcheapertobuyanewoneanddiscardtheold,eventhough95%ofitspartsmaystillbefunctioning.Soonwewillwearclothingmadeofpaper:“Wearitonceandthrowitaway,”willbethesloganofthefashion-conscious.(49)Whereisthisalltoend?Areweturningtheworldintoagiganticdump,oristherehopethatwecansolvethepollutionproblem?Fortunately,solutionsareinsight.Afewofthemarepositivelyingenious.Taketheproblemofdiscardedcars,forinstance.Theyaretoobulkytoshipasscraptoasteelmill.Theymustfirstbeflattened.ThisisdoneinagiantcompressorwhichcanreduceaCadillactothesizeofatelevisionsetinamatterofminutes.Anyleftoverscrapmetalismixedwithconcreteandmadeintoexceptionallystrongbricksthatareusedinbuildingsandbridges.Whataboutwaterpollution?Moreandmorecitiesarebuildingsewage-treatmentplants.(50)Insteadofbeingdumpedintoanearbyriverorlake,sewageissentthroughasystemofundergroundpipestoagianttankwherethewaterisseparatedfromthesolidwastematerial.Thesolidmaterialisconvertedintofertilizer.Thesludgecanalsobemadeintobricks.2.5全国2012年01月高等教育自学考试《英语阅读（二）》真题及答案 全国2012年1月高等教育自学考试59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I.ReadingComprehension(50points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.PassageOneTheover-60populationisgrowingfasterthananyotheragegroup.Between1950and2050itisexpectedtoincreasefrom200millionto2billion.Asthenumberofolderpersonsincreases,sowilltheneedtoensuretheirsocialinclusion,basedonanincomefromdecentworkorretirementandachancetoparticipateincommunitylifethroughemployment,volunteerworkorotheractivities.AccordingtotheInternationalLabourOrganization,“decentwork”isworkthatmeetspeople’sbasicaspirations,notonlyforincome,butalsoforsecurityforthemselvesandtheirfamilies,inaworkingenvironmentthatissafe.Decentworktreatsmenandwomenequally,withoutdiscriminationorharassment.Finally,decentworkprovidessocialsecurityandiscarriedoutinconditionsoffreedomandhumandignity.Butthereareover1.2billionpeopleintheworldwholiveonanincomeoflessthan$1aday,andanotherbillionwholiveonlessthan$2aday.Theylivehandtomouth,daytoday,anddonothaveenoughincometosupporttheirdailyexistence—muchlessputsomethingasideforretirement.Inmostdevelopingcountriesretirementisaluxuryfewolderpeoplecanafford.Evenindevelopedcountriessomehardworkingpeoplewillnothaveenoughtoliveonretirement.Manywomen—paidlessthanmen,workingmoreathomethanmen,andworkingmoreinformallythanmen—maynotbereadyorabletorestat65.Bytradition,atleastindevelopedcountries,thereisachangeinrolesasonemovesfromactivemiddleyearsinto“gentle”and“enjoyable”retirement.Thischangeinroleshasbeenviewedbythepublic,bygovernmentandbybusiness,asatransitionfromaproductivetimeoflifetoonethatisunproductiveanddependent.Buttodaymorethanever,thisisnottrue.Mostolderpeopledonotwithdrawfromsociety.Instead,theycontinuetocontributetotheirhouseholds,totheirdescendantsandtotheircommunities,althoughtheircontributionmaynotbepaidemployment.Insteadofproducinggoodsorservices—thetraditionaleconomicmodel“products”－olderpersonsmaycontributea“product”thathasvaluetosociety,suchascaringforchildren,caringforotherolderpersons,caringfortheoldestold,providingcommunityleadership,mentoringorbeinganeffectiverolemodel.Butinspiteoftheirsignificanthumanandeconomicbenefits,suchcontributionshavenotbeenfiguredintoaneconomy’sgrossnationalproduct.Andtheyhavenotbeenappropriatelyvalued.Overthepastseveraldecades,mostindustrializedcountrieshaveexperiencedasubstantialdropintheaverageageatwhichindividualsretirefromthelabourmarket.Longerlifeexpectancyandbetterhealthhavenotbeenaccompaniedbylongerworkinglives.Asaconsequence,thesecountriesarefacingseriousconcernsabouttheviabilityofsocialsecuritysystems.Akeychallengeforthesecountriesistomitigatetheeffectsofadropintheworkingagepopulationbyincreasingandprolongingtheparticipationofolderpeopleinthelabourmarket.Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.1.Theterm“socialinclusion”(inPara.1)heremeans______.A.havingdecentworkB.beingequalinjobsC.havingdecentincomeD.beingproductiveinlife2.ItisimpliedinParagraph2that______.A.peopleinrichcountriescanenjoyluxuryretirementB.womenifhardworkingcanobtaindecentretirementC.womenininformalworkarefreetochoosewhentoretireD.peopleinpoorcountrieshavenosocialsecurityprotection3.Thesentence“Buttodaymorethanever,thisisnottrue.”(inPara.3)means______.A.elderpeopleusedtobedependentB.elderpeopleusedtoenjoyretirementC.elderpeoplenowdonotwanttoretirefromtheirworkD.elderpeoplenowdonotwanttobecutofffromsociety59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书4.Tomeetthechallengeoffinancingsocialsecurity,thegovernmentindevelopedcountriesneedsto______.A.providemoreflexiblechoiceforretirementB.persuadeelderpeopletopostponeretirementC.promoteunpaidemploymentD.reformsocialsecuritysystem5.Thewriterinthepassagemainlywantstoexpressthatelderpeoplewould______.A.haveanenjoyableretirementB.prolongtheirproductivelife(2.haveamorehealthylifeD.prolongtheirworklifePassageTwoBecausespeechisthemostconvenientformofcommunication,inthefuturewewantessentiallynaturalconversationswithcomputers.Theprimarypointofcontactwillbeasimpledevicethatwillactasourwindowontheworld.Itwillhavetobesmallenoughtoslipintoyourpocket,sotherewillbeascreenbutnokeyboard:youwillsimplytalktoit.ThedevicewillbepermanentlyconnectedtotheInternetandwillbeeprelevantinformationuptoyouasitcomesin.Suchdeviceswillevolvenaturallyinthenextfivetotenyears.Justhowquicklypeoplewilladapttoavoice-basedInternetworldisuncertain.Manybelievethat,initiallyatleast,wewillneedsimilarconventionsforthevoicetothoseweuseatpresentonscreen:click,back,forward,andsoon.ButsoonyouwillundoubtedlybeabletointeractbyvoicewithallthoseIT-basedservicesyoucurrentlyconnectwithovertheInternetbymeansofakeyboard.ThiswillhelptheInternetservetheentirepopulation,notjusttechno-freaks.Changeslikethiswillencompassthewholeworld.BecauseEnglishisthelanguageofscience,itwillprobablyremainthelanguagetowhichthetechnologyismostadvanced,butmostspeech-recognitiontechniquesaretransferabletootherlanguagesprovidedthereissufficientmotivationtoundertakethework.Ofcourse,inanylanguagetherearestillhugeproblemsforustosolve.Carefullydictated,clearspeechcannowbeunderstoodbycomputerswithonlya4-5percenterrorrate,butevenstate-of-the-arttechnologystillrecords30-40percenterrorswithspontaneousspeech.Withintenyearswewillhavecomputersthatrespondtogoal-directedconversation,butforacomputertohaveaconversationthattakesintoaccounthumansocialbehaviorisprobably50yearsoff.We’renotgoingtobechattingtothebigscreeninthelivingroomjustyet.Inthepastinsufficientspeedandmemoryhaveheldusback,butthesedaysthey’relessofanissue.However,therearethoseintheITcommunitywhobelievethatcurrenttechniqueswilleventuallyhitabrickwall.Personally,Ibelievethatincrementaldevelopmentsinperformancearemorelikely.Butit’struethatbyabout2040orso,computerarchitectureswillneedtobecomehighlyparallelifperformanceistokeepincreasing.Perhapsthatwillinspiresomeradicallynewapproachestospeechunderstandingthatwillsupplantthemethodswe’redevelopingnow.Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo.6.Havingnaturalconversationswithcomputersimpliesthatcomputerswillbeableto______.A.makeartificialspeechB.connectpeopleontotheInternetC.keeprelevantinformationD.interactwithpeopleonthescreen7.Theword“conventions”inParagraph2means______.A.waysB.traditionsC.customsD.solutions8.Toletallpeopleadapttoavoice-basedworld,operationproceduresforconversingwithcomputersshouldbe______.A.languagetransferableB.errorfree(2.technocompatibleD.userfriendly9.ThelastsentenceinParagraph4means______.A.agoal-directedconversationisonthewaytocompletionB.peoplehavenodesiretotalktoscreensinthelivingroomC.naturalconversationwithcomputersisalongwaytogoD.othergoal-directedconversationsseemtobeimpossible10.ThewriterandthoseinITcommunityfeeltherewillneeda(an)______overthedevelopmentofspeech-recognitiontechniques.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书A.step-by-stepimprovementB.updatedperformanceC.rapidchangeinspeedD.completelynewinnovationPassageThreeWhenshereturnedhomeafterayearinSouthAmerica,JudithMartin,aNorthAmericanwriter,begantohaveaproblem.Peoplekeptinterpretingherbehaviorasflirtatious,butshewasnotflirting.Fairlysoonshefiguredoutwhatwashappening.WhenmostSouthAmericanstalktoeachotherface-to-face,theystandclosertogetherthandoNorthAmericans.MartinhadnotreadjustedtoNorthAmericandistances.Apparently,shehadforgottenaboutthephenomenonknownaspersonalspace—theamountofphysicaldistancepeopleexpectduringsocialinteraction.Everyonehasexpectationsconcerningtheuseofpersonalspace,butaccepteddistancesforthatspacearedeterminedbyeachperson’sculture.Observationsaboutpersonalspacebeganabouttwentyyearsago.AnthropologistEdwardT.Hallwasapioneerinthefield.Hebecameveryinterestedinhowinterpersonaldistancesaffectedcommunicationbetweenpeople.InhisbookTheHiddenDimension,Hallcoinedtheword“proxemics”todescribepeople’suseofspaceasameansofcommunication.AsHall’sbooktitleindicates,mostpeopleareunawarethatinterpersonaldistancesexistandcontributetopeople’sreactionstooneanother.Personalspacedependsoninvisibleboundaries.Thoseboundariesmovewithpeopleastheyinteract.Personalspacegetslargerorsmallerdependingonthecircumstancesofthesocialinteractionatanymoment.Peopledonotlikeanyonetotrespassontheirpersonalspace.AsWorchelandCooperexplain,invasionsofpersonalspaceelicitnegativereactionsthatrangefrommilddiscomforttoretaliationtowalkingoutonthesituation.ResearchersworkingwithHall’sdatafoundthatacceptedinterpersonaldistancesintheUnitedStatesalsodependonotherfactors.Forexample,subcultureshelpdetermineexpectationsconcerningpersonalspace.Fisher,Bell,andBaumreportthatgroupsofHispanic-AmericansgenerallyinteractmorecloselywithintheirsubculturethanAnglo-Americansdowithintheirs.Theyfurtherexplainthatingeneralsubculturalgroupstendtointeractatcloserdistanceswithmembersoftheirownsubculturethanwithnonmembers.Agealsoaffectshowpeopleusepersonalspace.WorchelandCooperreportthatNorthAmericanchildrenseemunawareofboundariesforpersonalspaceuntiltheageoffourorfive.Asthechildrengetoldertheybecomemoreawareofstandardsforpersonalspace.Bythetimetheyreachpuberty,theyhavecompletelyadaptedtotheirculture’sstandardsforinterpersonaldistances.Genderalsoinfluencespeople’suseofpersonalspace.Forexample,NorthAmericanmales’mostnegativereactionisreservedforanyonewhoenterstheirpersonalspacedirectlyinfrontofthem.Females,ontheotherhand,feelmostnegativeaboutapproachesfromtheside.Also,femaleshavesmallerinterpersonaldistancesthandomales,althoughpairsofthesamesexcommunicateacrosslargerspacesthandopairsofmalesandfemales.Thegenderfactorshifts,however,inhigh-densitysituationssuchascrowdedsubwaysorelevatorsintheUnitedStates.AsMainesobserves,whenpeoplehavesomechoiceaboutwheretheystandorsitincrowdedsettings,theygravitatetopeopleofthesamesex.Asinternationaltravelandcommerceincrease,interculturalcontactisbecomingcommonplace.Soon,perhaps,culturalvariationsinexpectationsforpersonalspacewillbeasfamiliartoeveryoneasareculturalvariationsinfoodanddress.Untilthen,peopleneedtomakeaspecialefforttolearnoneanother’sexpectationsconcerningpersonalspace.Oncepeoplearesensitivetosuchmatters,theycanstopthemselvesfromtakingthewrongstep:eitherawayfromortowardapersonfromanotherculture.Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree.11.JudithMartin’sexperiencetellsthatinterpersonaldistanceinsocialinteractionisdeterminedby______.A.personalpreferenceB.culturalbackgroundC.locationD.race12.AccordingtoHall,personalspaceinsocialinteractionisused______.A.consciouslyB.favorablyC.unconsciouslyD.unfavorably13.BeingunawareofinterpersonaldistanceincommunicationmayleadtothefollowingEXCEPT______.A.discomfortB.retaliation59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C.abreakdownD.aninteraction14.AcceptedinterpersonaldistanceintheUSisbettershownamong______.A.subculturalgroupsB.agegroupsC.subregionalgroupsD.gendergroups15.Knowledgeofculturalvariationsinpersonalspaceincommunicationismostimportantnowin______.A.culturaldifferencesB.goodcommunicationC.enjoyingforeignfoodD.interpersonalrelationshipPassageFourWhenyoustopandthinkaboutyourhighschoolorcollegealmamater,areyourexperiencesmorepositiveornegative?Doyourfeelingsofsuccessorfailureinthatschoolhaveanythingtodowithwhetherornotyourschoolwassingle-sexorco-ed?MoreandmoreAmericansareelectingtosendtheirchildrentosingle-sexschoolsbecausetheyfeelbothboysandgirlsblossomwhentheystudyinthecompanyofstudentsofthesamesex.Theytendtoachievemore.Foryears,onlyparentswhocouldaffordtosendtheirchildrentoprivateschools,orwhohadstrongreligiousorculturalreasons,chosesingle-sexeducationfortheirchildren.Today,however,alongwithcostlyprivateschools,publicschoolsareexperimentingwiththeideaofseparatingthesexes.However,becausepublicschoolsarenotallowedtodiscriminateonthebasisofsex,theyhavebeendeniedfederalsupport.Girlsmaybetheoneswhobenefitmostfromsingle-sexschooling.Studieshaveshownthatmanygirlsgetshortchangedinco-edclassroomsbecauseteacherssometimespaymoreattentiontoboys.Girls’positive,exuberantattitudetowardtheirstudiestendstodisappearastheybegintofeellesssuccessful.Theystarttowatchtheirmalepeersoutperformtheminmathandscience.Asboysbegintogainconfidence,girlsstarttoloseit.Moreover,adolescenceissuchafragiletimeforgirls.Astheyexperienceadolescentchanges,somegirlsbecomedepressed,developanaddiction,orsufferfromanobsessionwithweight.Intheearly1990s,theAmericanAssociationofUniversityWomen(AAUW)concludedthatbeinginsingle-sexclassescouldraiseagirl’sself-esteem.Schoolsacrossthecountrybegancreatingsingle-sexclassroomsandschools.Butinalaterreport,thatsameorganizationcouldnolongersupporttheclaimthatgirlsperformedbetterwithoutboysintheclassroom.Inaddition,manycriticsclaimthatall-femaleschoolsmayactuallybeharmfultoagirl’seducationbecausethey“reinforceregressivenotionsofsexdifferences.”Therenewedinterestinsingle-sexschoolinghasfosteredacontroversyamongAmericans.Thosewhogiveitfullsupportbelievegirl’sneedanall-femaleenvironmenttotakerisksandfindtheirownvoices,proclaimingthatthey’re“betterdeadthanco-ed.”Thosewhoquestionthevalidityofsingle-sexschoolingwonderwhetherstudents'lackofachievementwarrantsreturningtoaneducationalsystemthatdividesthesexes.Theybelievethereisnosuchthingasseparatebutequal.Questions16-20arebasedonPassageFour.16.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatsingle-sexschooling______.A.arousedparents’deepinterestintheearly1990sB.iswelcomedbymoreandmoreAmericansC.receivesmorecriticismsthanpraiseD.isanoutdatededucationalidea17.Girlsmay______whilestudyinginanall-femaleschool.A.feellesscompetitiveB.belesslikelytotakerisksC.gainmoreconfidenceinstudiesD.carelessabouttheirappearances18.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeenmentionedasafactorthatmayaffectgirls’performanceinco-edschools?A.Girls’adolescentchanges.B.Parents’attitudestowardtheirstudies.C.Teachers’attitudestowarddifferentsexes.D.Boys’outstandingperformanceinmathandscience.19.Thosewhoquestionthepossibilityofsingle-sexeducationbelievethat______.A.boysandgirlsshouldbeequalB.sexdiscriminationaffectsstudents’performance59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C.single-sexpublicschoolsreceivemorefinancialaidsD.AAUWneverchangesitsattitudestowardsingle-sexschooling20.Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.disadvantagesofoftenneglectedco-edschoolingB.thedifferencesbetweenprivateschoolsandpublicschoolsC.reasonswhygirlscanbenefitmostfromsingle-sexeducationD.Americans’controversialattitudestowardsingle-sexschoolingPassageFiveAmonginvestors,confidenceinIndiahastakenaknock.Thestockmarketisdownbyatenthindollartermsthisyear.Thatreflectshigherinterestrates,butalsoasensethatthegovernmenthaslosttheplot.Ithas,sayitscritics,failedtocontrolcorruptionandpublicborrowing,fallenbehindoninfrastructureandprovenunabletomakedecisions.Vedanta,aLondon-listedresourcesfirm,hasbeenwaitingforalmostayearforministerialapprovaltobuycontroloftheIndianunitofCairnEnergy,whichisalsoLondon-listed.OnJune28th,duringatriptoAmerica,India’sfinanceministerinsistedthatthingswereontrack.Manybusinessfolkaresceptical.“Reformswillhappen—afterthewholesystemcollapses,”predictsacorporateoligarch.HeisjusttalkingaboutIndia’sbankruptelectricity-distributioncompanies,whichareatiresomebottleneck.Overall,heremainsanoptimistonIndia,arguingthata“goldencentury”awaitsthecountry.Butformanyfirmstheusualjittersarenowcombinedwithalessfamiliarproblem:fallingprofitability.Listedfirms’returnonequity,whichwas21-23%inthefiveyearstoMarch2008,wasonly17%lastfiscalyear,estimatesIIFL,abroker,usingasampleof140companiesaccountingfortwo-thirdsofthestockmarketbyvalue.DatafortheNiftyFiftyindexofbigfirmspaintasimilarpicture.Fewanalystsexpectaquickrecovery.Partofthefallreflectstransientfactors.Acquisitionsabroadhavehitsomecompanies’returns,forexample.Butdeepertrendsareatplay,too.Labourcostshaverisen,particularlyatsomestate-controlledfirms:SteelAuthorityofIndia’sstaffbillrosebyawhopping41%lastfiscalyear.Indisciplineandslower-than-expectedgrowthhavewiltedprofitsinsectorssuchascement,construction,propertyandtelecommunications.Someindustries,suchasconsumergoods,continuetoprosper.Buttomotoralong,India’seconomyneedsnotonlyshampoobutalsonewroads,shops,houses,factoriesandpowerplants.Lowerreturnsandfalteringreformsmaymakefirmscoyaboutsinkingmoneyintotheground.InthequartertoMarch,growthingrossfixedcapitalinvestmentslumped,havingbeenhealthyforyears(otherthanduringthe2009financialcrisis).Thechairmanofamanufacturingandretailingfirmsayshehasrecentlytemperedhisexpansionplans,justtoplayitsafe.“Isupposeeveryonehasdoneit,”heremarks,whileacknowledgingthatthiscollectivewobblerisksbecomingaself-fulfillingprophecy.Questions21-25arebasedonPassageFive.21.Theunderlinedphraseinthesentence(inPara.1)“confidenceinIndiahastakenaknock”means______.A.hasbeendamagedB.hasbeenblockedC.hasbeenrevitalizedD.hasbeeninrise22.TheVedantaexampleshows______.A.governmentdisapprovalofVedantabuyingCairnEnergyB.governmentrestrictionontradinginenergyfirmsabroadC.insufficiencyofgovernmentD.impatienceofthecompany23.Formanyfirms,theproblemfacingthemisthattheyare______.A.makinglessmoneyB.expectingaquickrecoveryC.losingmoremoneyD.expectingalargereturn24.WhichisNOTtrueabouttheIndia’seconomy?A.Consumerindustrygrowsconsistently.B.Infrastructuralindustrygrowslegbehind.C.Firmsarelosingconfidenceininvestment.D.Capitalinvestmentkeepsgrowingsteadily.25.Thechairmanofamanufacturingandretailingfirm______.A.extendedhisplansB.examinedhisplanstospotrisks59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书C.contractedhisplansD.reviewedhisplanstomakesafeII.Vocabulary(10points,1pointforeach)Directions:Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythesamemeaningsasthosegivenbelow.Thenumberinthebracketsaftereachworddefinitionreferstothenumberofparagraphinwhichthetargetwordis.WritethewordyouchooseontheAnswerSheet.Thatiswhattheeconomyisallabout—makingchoicesonhowtouselimitedresourcesofmoney,manpower,machineryandmaterials,whetheritinvolvesashopperdecidingwhattobuyinthesupermarketoramanufacturerdecidingwhatlineofgoodstoproduce.Choicesmadeintheeconomyinvolveacontinuoustug-of-warbetweenconsumersandproducersoverprice.Ifmanybusinessesareofferingaproductandthereisplentyofittosatisfytheneedsofallconsumers,aproducerwillbeforcedtosellatapricenotfarabovecostsinordertokeepfrombeingstuckwithalotofunmarketablesupplies.Thisiswhy,forexample,pricesforfreshfruitandvegetablesdropduringthesummermonthswhensuchproduceisingreatnumber.However,alowprice—especiallyifitfallsbelowwhatitcostsasellertomakethegoods—willdiscourageproduction,perhapsdrivethehigh-costproducersoutofbusinessorforcethemtomakesomethingelse.Againusinganexamplefromagriculture,farmersperiodicallyplantlesswheatorraisefewercattleifthepricesforthosecommoditiesgivetoolittlereturnforthecostsinvolved.Ontheotherhand,ifthereisgreatdemandforaproductandsuppliesaretight,businesswillbeabletoraiseprices,theirprofitswillincreaseandtheywillinvestinnewequipmenttoincreaseoutput.Otherfirmsmaybeattractedbythehopesofgoodprofitstoproducethescarceitem,thusaddingnewcompetition.That,inthesimplestform,isthewaythelawofsupplyanddemandworksinfree-marketeconomy.Pricebecomestheguidepost,tellingproducerswhattheycanexpecttosellatapricethatmorethancoverstheircosts.Atthesametime,postedpricestelltheconsumerwhathecanexpecttopay.26.smallinamountornumber(Para.1)27.thekindof(Para.1)28.goods,itemsavailable(Para.2)29.topreventfromhappening(Para.3)30.atregulartimes(Para.3)31.profitfrominvestment(Para.3)32.notenoughof(Para.4)33.noteasytofindorobtain(Para.4)34.itgivesimportantinformationabout(Para.5)35.tohaveenoughmoneytopaysomething(Para.5)III.Summarization(20points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearetenparagraphs.Eachoftheparagraphsisfollowedbyanincompletephraseorsentencewhichsummarizesthemainideaoftheparagraph.SpelloutthemissinglettersofthewordonyourAnswerSheet.ParagraphOneA39-year-oldwoman,apatientinapsychiatricclinichadlockedherselfinatoiletwithaknife.PolicebroughtthedogPurzelwhentheylearnedthewomanwasadoglover.AssoonasthewomanspottedPurzelsniffingthroughacrackinthedoorshedroppedtheknifeandpickedhimup.36.Herodogp______asuicide.ParagraphTwoAsurveyof26,000peoplein36countriesbyVisitBritain,thenationaltourismbody,foundthatamajorityofpeoplein27nationsdisagreedwiththestatementthat“Britishfoodisverybad”.Russia,EstoniaandEgyptwerethemostenthusiasticaboutBritishfood,whileSpain,Italy,JapanandFranceweretheleastimpressed.37.Moret______begantoappreciateBritishfood.ParagraphThreeTheIAEA,theUNnuclearwatchdog,warnedthatthenuclearcrisistriggeredbyJapan’searthquakeandtsunamiisfarfromover.ThelessonGermanylearnsfromtheJapanesenucleardisasteristhattheearliertheexit,thebetter.Germanywouldturntogreenandcleantechnologiesandbecomeanuclear-freecountry.59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书38.Germany’sreflectiononnucleare______.ParagraphFourScientistshavefoundthatlifecansurviveinboilingpoolsoftoxicwateratYellowstoneNationalPark,somethingtheydidnotthinkwaspossible.Thefactthatlifecanthriveinaboilingpoolbringsupallsortsofideasabouttheoriginsoflife.ItmaybethatthefirstlifeonEarthwasintheplaceshumansmightconsiderhospitable.39.Findinglifeinunusualp______.ParagraphFive“Thistypeofmeal,thisfastfoodmadewithgroundbeefwithacertaintomatosauce,friesdoesnotstrikemeasauniversaldream!”saidJeanGlavany,France’sagricultureminister.“IwanttospareEuropeansthis,”hesaid.“Mystruggleiscultural—whatIhaveopposedandstillopposeistheimperialismofafoodmodelthatwantstobetheonlymodel.”40.Theb______overfastfood.PassageSixSeveralgovernmentsinEuropehavedecidedthatradicalactionisrequiredtoincreasethenumberofwomenintheexecutivesuite.Norwaypassedalawin2003thatobligedallpubliclylistedfirmstoreserve40%oftheseatsontheirboardsforwomenby2008.Spainpassedasimilarlawin2007;Franceearlierthisyear.TheNetherlandsisworkingonone.41.Morewomeninb______top.PassageSevenThebusinesstravelandmeetingsorganizationinAmericaattributestherecentincreasetorisingairfares,fuelledbyenergyprices,constrainedcapacityandrelativelystrongdemand,higherlodgingrates,andgrowingcorporatedemand.Forexample,itexpectscorporatespendingonoverseastripstoriseto$31.8billionin2011,a9.1%increaseonlastyear.42.Thepriceoft______continuesrisinginAmericain2011.PassageEightTherowoverphone-hackingbyjournalistshasledtotheclosureoftheNewsoftheWorldnewspaper,andwiderquestionsaboutpressregulation,mediaownership,thepolice,andrelationshipsbetweenpoliticiansandjournalists.ItadmittedinterceptingvoicemailsinAprilafteryearsofrumorthatthepracticewaswidespread.43.Ethicsinj______.PassageNineThereigningqueenofallmediaintheUSistalk-showhostOprahWinfrey.Herinfluencegoesbeyondherdailyone-hourshowintoeverythingfromthepublishingbusinesstotheagriculturalmarkets.Doyouneedproof?WhenWinfreydiscussesanunknownauthoronhershow,hisbookgoestothetopofthebest-sellercharts.44.Queenoft______.PassageTenLondon’sundergroundrailwaywillreplacecommuters’sweatyodorswiththegentlewaftofperfumewhenitintroducesanewairfreshenerintotheworld’soldestsubway.Londonhasimportedapowerfulperfume,calledMadeleine,fromtheParisMetro.MadeleinewillbeusedtomaskthepungentsmellsofLondon’sunderground.45.Perfumemasksc______odors.IV.Translation(20points,4pointsforeach)Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearefivegroupsofunderlinedsentences.ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.WritetheChineseversiononyourAnswerSheet.ItwasagreatshocktometodiscoverthatIhadmotorneurondisease.(46)Ihadneverbeenverywellco-coordinatedphysicallyasachild.Iwasnotgoodatballgames,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers.ButthingsseemedtochangewhenIwenttoOxford,attheageof17.(47)Itookupcoxingandrowing.Iwasnotboatracestandard,butIgotbyatthelevelofinter-collegecompetition.InmythirdyearatOxford,however,InoticedthatIseemedtobegettingclumsier,andIfelloveronceortwicefornoapparentreason.ButitwasnotuntilIwasatCambridge,inthefollowingyear,thatmyfathernoticed,andtookmetothefamilydoctor.Hereferredmetoaspecialist,andshortlyaftermy21stbirthday,Iwentintohospitalfortests.TherealizationthatIhadanincurabledisease,thatwaslikelytokillmeinafewyears,was59 自考00596《英语阅读（二）》历年真题集电子书abitofashock.(48)Howcouldsomethinglikethathappentome?WhyshouldIbecutofflikethis?Notknowingwhatwasgoingtohappentome,orhowrapidlythediseasewouldprogress,Iwasatalooseend.ThedoctorstoldmetogobacktoCambridgeandcarryonwiththeresearchIhadjuststartedingeneralrelativityandcosmology.ButIwasnotmakingmuchprogress,becauseIdidn’thavemuchmathematicalbackground.And,anyway,ImightnotlivelongenoughtofinishmyPhD.Ifeltsomewhatofatragiccharacter.ButshortlyafterIcameoutofhospital,IdreamtthatIwasgoingtobeexecuted.(49)IsuddenlyrealizedthattherewerealotofworthwhilethingsIcoulddoifIwerereprieved.Infact,althoughtherewasacloudhangingovermyfuture,Ifound,tomysurprise,thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore.Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch,andIgotengagedtoagirlcalledJaneWilde,whomIhadmetjustaboutthetimemyconditionwasdiagnosed.Thatengagementchangedmylife.Itgavemesomethingtolivefor.ButitalsomeantthatIhadtogetajobifweweretogetmarried.IthereforeappliedforaresearchfellowshipatGonvilleandCaiusCollege,Cambridge.Tomygreatsurprise,Igotafellowship,andwegotmarriedafewmonthslater.ThefellowshipatCaiustookcareofmyimmediateemploymentproblem.(50)Iwasluckytohavechosentoworkintheoreticalphysics,becausethatwasoneofthefewareasinwhichmyconditionwouldnotbeaserioushandicap.AndIwasfortunatethatmyscientificreputationincreased,atthesametimethatmydisabilitygotworse.ThismeantthatpeoplewerepreparedtooffermeasequenceofpositionsinwhichIonlyhadtodoresearchwithouthavingtolecture.3.相关课程59
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