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1、TheMetaphysicsofScienceBOSTONSTUDIESINTHEPHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCEEditorsROBERTS.COHEN,BostonUniversityJÜRGENRENN,Max-Planck-InstitutefortheHistoryofScienceKOSTASGAVROGLU,UniversityofAthensEditorialAdvisoryBoardTHOMASF.GLICK,BostonUniversityADOLFGRÜNBAUM,UniversityofPittsburghSYL
2、VANS.SCHWEBER,BrandeisUniversityJOHNJ.STACHEL,BostonUniversityMARXW.WARTOFSKY†,(Editor1960–1997)VOLUME173CRAIGDILWORTHDepartmentofPhilosophy,UppsalaUniversityTHEMETAPHYSICSOFSCIENCEAnAccountofModernScienceintermsofPrinciples,LawsandTheoriesSECONDEDITIONAC.I.P.Cataloguerecor
3、dforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.ISBN-101-4020-3837-2(HB)ISBN-13978-1-4020-3837-2(HB)ISBN-101-4020-3838-0(e-book)ISBN-13978-1-4020-3838-9(e-book)PublishedbySpringer,P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands.www.springer.comPrintedonacid-freepaperAllRightsReser
4、ved©2006SpringerNopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthep
5、urposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.PrintedintheNetherlands.CONTENTSPREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITIONxiPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITIONxiiiINTRODUCTION11.EMPIRICISMVS.REALISM–THEPERENNIALDEBATEINTHEPHILOSOPHYOFSCIENCE9Comte,Whewell,Mill,M
6、ach,Boltzmann,Poincar´e,Duhem,Campbell,Hempel,Harr´e,vanFraassen,Laudan,Cartwright,Hacking,Putnam2.FUNDAMENTALANDREFINEDPRINCIPLES:THECOREOFMODERNSCIENCE491.ThreePrinciplesCentraltoModernScience532.RefinementsofthePrinciplesinScience623.FourWaysPrinciplesFunctionwithRespectt
7、oScience654.OntheEpistemologicalStatusofthePrinciplesofScience713.EMPIRICALLAWS:THESUPERVENTIONOFEXPERIENCE731.TheUniformityPrincipleandEmpiricalLaws742.TheSubstancePrincipleandEmpiricalSystems793.Continuity814.NecessityandUniversality825.Discovery,PredictionandTechnology83
8、6.TheSuperventionofExperience857.EmpiricalLawsRequireExplanation94viCONTENTS4.SCIE
