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1、1绪论大题Q1:Pleasedescribethebasiccharacteristicsofinfectiousdiseases.A1:Therearefourbasiccharacteristicsofinfectiousdiseases:①Presenceofpathogens:allinfectiousdiseasesarecausedbytheirspecificpathogen.②Infectivity:theinfectiousdiseasescanbetransmissibletootherpeapl
2、ethroughsomepathways.③Epidemiologicalfeatures:suchasage,sex,season;importedorendemic;sporadic,epidemic,pandemicoroutbreaks.④Post-infectionimmunity:aftertheinfection,thebodyscanformthespecificimmunitytothepathgenthatcausestheinfectiousdisease.Q2:Pleasedescribeth
3、emechanismoftissuedamagescausedbypathogen.A2:1.Directinvasion,theenzymessecretedbypathogencancausecytolysis,tissuenecrosisandinflammation.2.Theactionsoftoxinsandcytokines,thetoxinsandcytokinescouldresultinginsepticshock,disseminatedintravascularcoagulation,DICe
4、tc.3.Immunopathogenesis,includeimmunosuppression,T-celldestruction,immunecomplexes.Theimmunopathogenesishappenedmorethantheothertwomechanism,butinmostofthecase,wecouldseemorethantwomechanism.Q3:Pleaselistthetherapeuticmethodsfortheinfectiousdieases.A3:1.General
5、andsupportivetreatment.2.Etiologic(specific)treatment.3.Symptomatictreatment.4.Rehabilitationtherapyforsequelae.5.TraditionalChinesemedicineandacupuncture.Q4:Pleaselisttheroutesoftransmissionofinfetiondiseaseandgiveanexampleforeachone.A4:⑴Air,droplets,dusts:e.g
6、.measles,diphtheria.⑵Water,food,flies(fecal-oralinfection):e.g.typhoid,cholera.⑶Fingers,utensils(contactinfection):e.g.shigellosis,influenza.⑷Arthropods:A.Biologic:intermediatehosts,e.g.mosquitoesinmalaria,chiggersinscrubtyphus.B.Mechanical:passivetransfer.e.g.
7、fliesinamebiasis⑸Blood,bodyliquidtransmissionSuchasHBV,HIV⑹Verticaltransmission:mothertobaby⑺Horizontaltransmission:othersQ5:Pleaselisttherolesofpathogensandimmuneresponseininfectionprocess.A5:1.RoleofPathogensinInfectionProcess:⑴Invasiveness:adhesion,penetrati
8、onability.Shigella⑵Virulence:toxins,enzymes,andhistolyticability.E.histolytica⑶Infectiondose:minimaldosethatcancauseaninfection.S.typhi⑷Variability:changeinstructureofthepat
