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1、ALAINTOUMAYAN"Imorethantheothers":DostoevskyandLevinasThroughouthisworkandinmanyinterviewsdiscussingit,Levinashasrecoursetoabroadpanoplyofaestheticreferencesaswellastoanarrayofcommon,straightforwardmetaphorstotranslatehisideas.AmongtheliteraryreferencesthatLevinashasmostfrequentlyandconsi
2、stentlyemployedtotrytoexpresshisunusualconceptionofethicsisareferencetoDostoevsky'sTheBrothersKaramazov,aquo-tationthatLevinas'sbiographer,Marie-AnneLescourret,goessofarastocharacterizeashismantraortalismanicquotation,"sacitationfetiche."'InChapterVofOtherwisethanBeing,Levinas,describingt
3、hesituationofsubjectivityasanaccusativethatispriortoanynomi-native,andplayingonthemultiplemeaningsoftheverb"accuser,"il-lustratesthisconfigurationofsubjectivityinthefollowingmanner:"'Eachofusisguiltybeforeeveryoneforeveryone,andImorethantheothers,'writesDostoevskyinTheBrothersKaramazov"(O
4、B,146).Inotherwritingsandinnumerousinterviews,Levinasalludestothisparticularquote,modifyingitoccasionallyandelaboratingcertainofitsfeaturesinordertoillustratesalientlyvariousdimensionsofhisconceptsofsubjectivityandethics,mostoftenthenotionofasymme-tryornonreciprocitythatitexpressessoradic
5、allyandsostrikingly(andthatLevinasemploystodistinguishhisthoughtfromMartinBuber'sI/Thou),2butalsothemannerinwhichthisasymmetrical"morethan1.Marie-AnneLescourret,EmmanuelLevinas(Paris:Flammarion,1994),46-47.SeeLescourret43,125,356,aswellasTheLevinasReader,ed.SeanHand(Oxford:Black-well,1989
6、),1;JillRobbins,AlteredReading(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1999),147;andRobertBernasconi,"Whatisthequestiontowhich'substitution'isthean-swer?"inTheCambridgeCompaniontoLevinas,ed.SimonCritchleyandRobertBemasconi(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2002),239.2."InterviewwithFrancoisPoir
7、ie(1986),"inIsItRighteoustoBe?:InterviewswithEmmanuelLevinas,ed.JillRobbins(Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress,2001),72-73;YFS104,EncounterswithLevinas,ed.ThomasTrezise,?2004byYaleUniversity.5556YaleFrenchStudiesalltheothers,"inthesecondmeaningoftheverb"accuser"(tosho
