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1、Unit20Gandhi知识精讲一.本周教学内容：Unit20GandhiI.BackgroundknowledgeGandhi,Indiannationalleader,wasborninPorbandaronOctober2,1869,andeducatedinlawatUniversityCollege,London.In1891,GandhireturnedtoIndiaandtriedtoestablish(建立)alawpracticeinBombay,withlittlesuccess.Twoyear
2、slateranIndianformwithinterests(股份)inSouthAfricaemployedhimaslegaladviserinitsofficeinDurban.ArrivinginDurban,Gandhifoundhimselftreatedasamemberofalowerrace.HewasangeredatitanddecidedtothrowhimselfintothestruggleforbasicrightsforIndians.GandhiremainedinSouthAf
3、ricafortwentyyears,sufferingimprisonmentmanytimes.In1914thegovernmentoftheUnionofSouthAfricaagreedtoGandhi’s,includingrecognitionofIndianmarriagesandcancellation(取消)ofthepoxtax(人头税)forthem.AfterhisworkinSouthAfricawascompleted,hereturnedtoIndia.Gandhiwasrememb
4、eredastheinternationalsymbolsofafreestate.Indiansregardedhimasasaint(圣者，圣徒)andcalledhimMahatma(Sanskrit,“greatsoul”),atitleforthegreatestsaints.BytheIndianpracticeofnonviolencewhichGandhiheld,GreatBritainwouldconsiderviolenceuselessandwouldleaveIndiaatlast.The
5、Indianpeople,however,couldnotunderstandhimproperly.AlotofrebellionsagainstGreatBritainbrokeout.TheBritishgovernmentagaincaughtandputhimintoprisonin1922.Afterhewassetfreefromprisonin1930,theMahatmacalledontheIndianpeopletorefusetopaytaxes,particularlythetaxonsa
6、lt.ThousandsofIndiansfollowedGandhi,marchingfromAhmadabadtotheArabianSea,wheretheymadesaltbyevaporation(使蒸发)seawater.OncemoretheIndianleaderwasputinprison,buthewasreleased(setfree)in1931,endingthemarchaftertheBritishgaveintohisdemands.Fromthemon,Gandhiledhisna
7、tiontotheirgreatvictoryuntiltheywonthecompleteindependenceonAugust15th,1947.Butjustinthefollowingyear,in1948,MahatmaGandhi,amandevotingallhislifetotheindependenceofIndia,wasshotbyoneofhisfellowIndianswhoopposedhisviews.HediedonJanuary30th,1948.(about350words)R
8、eadingcheck:1.WheredidGandhistudylaw?2.WhydidGandhigotoSouthAfrica?3.HowmanyyearsdidGandhistayinSouthAfrica?4.WhywasGandhiregardedasasaintandwascalledMahatma?II.Wordstudy:1.governv
