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时间:2018-12-15
《二战和政策法令名词解释总结.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、二战名词解释总结1.OperationOverlord“霸王行动”OperationOverlord[11] wasthecodenameforthe BattleofNormandy,theoperationthatlaunchedtheinvasionofGerman-occupied westernEurope during WorldWarII by Allied forces.Theoperationcommencedon6June1944withthe Normandylandings (OperationNeptune,commonlyknownas D-Day).A1
2、2,000-planeairborneassaultprecededan amphibiousassault involvingalmost7,000vessels.Nearly160,000troopscrossedthe EnglishChannel on6June;morethanthree millionalliedtroopswereinFrancebytheendofAugust.[12]AlliedlandforcesthatsawcombatinNormandyonD-DayitselfcamefromCanada,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnit
3、edStates. FreeFrenchForces and Poland alsoparticipatedinthebattleaftertheassaultphase,andtherewerealsominorcontingentsfromBelgium,Greece,theNetherlands,andNorway.[13] OtherAlliednationsparticipatedinthenavalandairforces.ThebattleforNormandycontinuedformorethantwomonths,concludingwiththeclosingo
4、fthe Falaisepocket on24August,the LiberationofParis on25August,andtheGermanretreatacrosstheSeinewhichwascompletedon30August1944.[14] 德黑兰会议后,罗斯福和丘吉尔在开罗会晤。决定任命艾森豪威尔为实施“霸王行动”(OperationOverlord)的盟军总司令,蒙哥马利为地面部队总指挥。 1944年6月6日,代号“D日”。盟军集中了多达288万人、近9000艘舰船(其中登陆运输舰艇4000余艘)和1.37万架飞机。当日凌晨1:30分左右,美国第82、第
5、101空降师和英国第6空降师共1.7万人,作为先头部队,乘1200架运输机分别在诺曼底的科唐坦半岛南端和奥恩河口附近首先伞降着陆。随后,美、英、加等国部队在猛烈的海空炮火支援下,在五个地点登陆法国海岸。德国由于受到盟军假情报的欺骗,未能及时组织反击。经过激烈的战斗,登陆的盟军部队先后巩固了各处登陆场,并开始向纵深挺进。 诺曼底登陆,为盟军开辟了欧洲第二战场,使德军陷入了苏军和英美盟军的东西夹击之中,加速了德国法西斯的灭亡。这场战役是目前为止世界上最大的一次海上登陆作战。它是二战中最著名的战役之一,并且将“D日”这个军事用语固定在了1944年6月6日。2.敦刻尔克大撤退(英语Batt
6、leofDunkirk;法语BatailledeDunkerque)The BattleofDunkirk wasanimportantbattleinthe SecondWorldWar betweenthe Allies andGermany.Aspartofthe BattleofFrance onthe WesternFront,theBattleofDunkirkwasthedefenceandevacuationofBritishandalliedforcesinEuropefrom26Mayto4June1940.Afterthe PhoneyWar,theBattle
7、ofFrancebeganinearneston10May1940.Totheeast,theGerman ArmyGroupB hadinvadedtheNetherlandsandadvancedwestward.Inresponse,theSupremeAlliedCommander—FrenchGeneral MauriceGamelin—initiated"PlanD"andinvadedBelgiumtoengagetheGermansinth
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