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1、Part3LearningaboutlanguageGrammar定语从句(一)(AttributiveClause)一、【学习目标】1、掌握定语从句的基本概念,即定语从句的含义、句法作用以及在句子中的位置、先行词、关系代词等;2、掌握定语从句中关系代词的选择;3、掌握定语从句中的一些特殊现象。二、【自主预习】(请大家认真预习以下内容)定语从句(一)(AttributiveClause)在复合句中修饰某一名词、代词或句子的从句叫做定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的名词和代词以及句子)之后。定语从句的引导词分关
2、系代词和关系副词。关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as;关系副词有:when,where,why.关系代词通常有下列三个作用:1)引导定语从句;2)代替先行词;3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。如:Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.句中____________________________________是定语从句,修饰先行词__________;_________是引导定语从句的关系代词,替代先行词在从句中作宾语。
3、表一:关系代词的用法关系代词指代对象及在从句中的成分使用要点例句that既可指人、也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)1、指物时可以与which通用;2、只用于限定性定语从句;非限定性定语从句中不能用that;3、介词后不能用that.1)YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress(that)Igaveher.2)Ihaveafriendthatlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.which指物;在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)1、可用于限定性定语从句
4、和非限定性定语从句;2、在限定性定语从句中可以用在介词后面1)Myparentsliveinahousewhichismorethan100yearsold.2)Ican’tfindthebookforwhichIpaid20dollars.3)Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.who,whom指人;who作主语,也可作宾语;whom作宾语;(作宾语时可以省略)1、先行词必须是指人的名词或代词;2、介词后只能用whom1)Acouchpotatoisapersonwhospe
5、ndsalotoftimewatchingTV.2)Thewoman(who/whom)yousawyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.3)Hisdaughter,withwhomIamworkingisanengineer.whose既可指人,也可指物;1、指人时,是代词的所有格;1)Thisisthepoorboywhoseparentsdiedinthe在从句中作定语2、指物时,相当于ofwhichearthquake.2)Iampaintingthehouse,whoseroofisround.=Ia
6、mpaintingthehouse,thewindowofwhichisround.表二:只用that不用which的情况当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及thevery、theonly修饰时;1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseenthismonth.2)ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等修饰时;1)Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.2)Ihavesomethingstha
7、tImustdotoday.当先行词是不定代词:all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything时1)IhavesaidallthatIwanttosay.2)Hedidallthathecouldtohelpher.当先行词包括人和物时Theytalkedaboutthemenandthethingsthattheysaw.当关系代词在从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.当主句以which或who开头的特殊疑问句W
8、hichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?当主句以thereis,hereis,itis开头时Thereisatableinthecornerthatisfoldedaway.表三:只用which不用that的情况Which可引