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1、Period3Grammar学习目标1.wish表虚拟；GrammarSubjunctive(1)2.wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望。重难点1.使用wish表达过去或现在的遗憾。2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。预习案I.语法自学Step1.Functionwish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望：虚拟现在，谓语动词用过去时；虚拟过去，谓语动词用过去完成时；虚拟将来，谓语动词用“would/could+动词原型”。HowIwishIhadn’tmissedsuchawonderfulperformance!IwishIwereasrichasyou.Iw
2、ishyouwouldgowithme.Step2.GrammarSubjunctive(1)英语中有两种条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。真实条件句表示提出的假设完全可以成为现实，谓语动词用陈述语气。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，谓语动词用虚拟语气。虚拟语气也可表示愿望，请求及建议等。1.虚拟语气用语条件从句的结构虚拟情况虚拟条件句主句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反的虚拟语气If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用wer
3、e）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反的虚拟语气①If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）②If+主语+wereto+动词原型③If+主语+should+动词原型主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形例如：1.Ifhehadhadenoughmoneythen,hewouldhaveboughtthatdictionary.2.Iftheyhadnotstudiedhard,theywouldhavefailedintheexam.3.Ifwehadcaughtthefirstb
4、us,wemighthavearrivednow.4.Ifitwereyou,Iwouldgiveupsmoking.5.Ifhehadtime,hewouldcometohelpyou.6.Ifshehadmoney,shemightlendyousome.7.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wecouldhaveasnowballfight.8.IfIweretogotothemoonsomeday,Icouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.9.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight
5、,youwouldfeelsorryforit.2.使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：（1）混合（错综）型虚拟条件句当条件从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综虚拟条件句”或“混合虚拟条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，根据其实际的时间概念来确定。Ifyouhadhadmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(2)虚拟语气中if的省略在if虚拟条件句中有should,had,或were时，可省略if,把were,
6、had,should提到主语前面，变为倒装句式。Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wecouldhaveasnowballfight.WereItogodeepintothesea,Icouldseethebottomofitwithmyowneyes.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时，假设的情况不通过条件句表示出来，而通过介词短语，上下文或其他方式表现出来。有以下几种情况：①without,with,butfor等引导的虚拟语气。Withoutwater,therew
7、ouldbenolife.Withyourhelp,wemightfinishthetaskearlier.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.②or,otherwise,but或通过上下文表示等引导的虚拟语气。Youdidn’tcomeyesterday,oryouwouldhaveseenhim.Hewasbusyyesterday;otherwise,hewouldhavecometotheparty.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestatio
8、n.Anymaninhispositionwouldhavedoneliketh
