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1、考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析一Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrational
modeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimating
likelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthe
decision.Rather,intheirday-by-
2、daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyon
whatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthat
requirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise；andto
integrateactionintotheprocessofthinking. Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecogn
3、izedthatsomepracticing
managersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgrasp
ofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuse
forcapriciousness. Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthat
ma
4、nagers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleast
fivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managers
relyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnot
arbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofp
5、ainstakingpracticeandhands-on
experiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsof
dataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha！experience.Fourth,some
managersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostsenior
executivesarefam
6、iliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewho
usesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutions
suggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseof
action.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmo
7、verapidly
toengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneous
cognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns. Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinking
isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisri
8、ghtbeforetheycan
analyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.
