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1、ReviewReviewoftechnologiesforoilandgasproducedwatertreatment·AhmadunFakhru’l-Razia,b,,,·AlirezaPendashteha,·LuqmanChuahAbdullaha,·DayangRadiahAwangBiaka,·SayedSiavashMadaenic,·ZurinaZainalAbidina·aDepartmentofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,FacultyofEngineering,Unive
2、rsitiPutraMalaysia,Malaysia·bPrinceKhalidBinSultanChairforWaterResearchCentre,CivilEngineeringDepartment,CollegeofEngineering,KingSaudUniversity,P.O.Box800,Riyadh11421,SaudiArabia·cChemicalEngineeringDepartment,RaziUniversity,Kermanshah,IranReceived15March2009Revised10Ma
3、y2009Accepted12May2009Availableonline19May2009AbstractProducedwateristhelargestwastestreamgeneratedinoilandgasindustries.Itisamixtureofdifferentorganicandinorganiccompounds.Duetotheincreasingvolumeofwasteallovertheworldinthecurrentdecade,theoutcomeandeffectofdischargingp
4、roducedwaterontheenvironmenthaslatelybecomeasignificantissueofenvironmentalconcern.Producedwaterisconventionallytreatedthroughdifferentphysical,chemical,andbiologicalmethods.Inoffshoreplatformsbecauseofspaceconstraints,compactphysicalandchemicalsystemsareused.However,cur
5、renttechnologiescannotremovesmall-suspendedoilparticlesanddissolvedelements.Besides,manychemicaltreatments,whoseinitialand/orrunningcostarehighandproducehazardoussludge.Inonshorefacilities,biologicalpretreatmentofoilywastewatercanbeacost-effectiveandenvironmentalfriendly
6、method.Ashighsaltconcentrationandvariationsofinfluentcharacteristicshavedirectinfluenceontheturbidityoftheeffluent,itisappropriatetoincorporateaphysicaltreatment,e.g.,membranetorefinethefinaleffluent.Forthesereasons,majorresearcheffortsinthefuturecouldfocusontheoptimizat
7、ionofcurrenttechnologiesanduseofcombinedphysico-chemicaland/orbiologicaltreatmentofproducedwaterinordertocomplywithreuseanddischargelimits.Abbreviations·BAF,biologicalaeratedfilter;·BOD,biochemicaloxygendemand;·Bq/l,becquerelperliter;·BTEX,benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,an
8、dxylenes;·COD,chemicaloxygendemand;·CAPEX,capitalexpenses;·FWS,free-watersurface;·MF,microfiltration;·M